Evaluation of the cytotoxic effects of glyphosate herbicides in human liver, lung, and nerve

Hao, Youwu; Zhang, Yang; Ni, Hongfei; Gao, Jufang; Yang, Yujun; Xu, Wenping; Tao, Liming

doi:10.1080/03601234.2019.1633215

Cited by 38 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Overall, the present in vitro approach evidenced a higher toxicity of MZ compared to ZOX and a less responsiveness of A549 cells with respect to HepG2 cells. This last piece of evidence is in agreement with previous observations, which compared cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of several herbicides [49] and it might be explained by the lower subset of cytochrome P450 enzymes expressed in the lung compared to the complete CYPs milieu expressed in the liver [50].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Toxicological Comparison of Mancozeb and Zoxamide Fungicides at Environmentally Relevant Concentrations by an In Vitro Approach

Lori

Tassinari

Narciso

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Mancozeb (MZ) and zoxamide (ZOX) are fungicides commonly used in pest control programs to protect vineyards. Their toxic and genotoxic potential were investigated in vitro on HepG2 and A549 cell lines at environmentally relevant concentrations. Cytotoxicity, apoptosis, necrosis and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), comet assay and a micronucleus test with CREST immunofluorescence were used. The expression of a panel of genes involved in apoptosis/necrosis (BAX/BCL2), oxidative stress (NRF2), drug metabolism (CYP1A1) and DNA repair (ERCC1/OGG1) was evaluated by real-time PCR. Both fungicides were cytotoxic at the highest tested concentrations (295.7 and 463.4 µM, respectively); MZ induced necrosis, ZOX did not increase apoptosis but modulated BAX and BCL2 expression, suggesting a different mechanism. Both compounds did not increase ROS, but the induction of CYP1A1 and NRF2 expression supported a pro-oxidant mechanism. The comet assay evidenced MZ genotoxicity, whereas no DNA damage due to ZOX treatment was observed. Positive micronuclei were increased in both cell lines treated with MZ and ZOX, supporting their aneugenic potential. ERCC1 and OGG1 were differently modulated, indicating the efficient activation of the nucleotide excision repair system by both fungicides and the inhibition of the base excision repair system by MZ. Overall, MZ confirmed its toxicity and new ZOX-relevant effects were highlighted.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Toxicological Comparison of Mancozeb and Zoxamide Fungicides at Environmentally Relevant Concentrations by an In Vitro Approach

Lori

Tassinari

Narciso

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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“…A study conducted with human erythrocytes showed that GBHs caused morphological changes in these cells [61]. Another study conducted with liver, lung and nerve cells demonstrated that there is a risk of cytotoxicity associated with GBHs, but this risk may not be directly related to glyphosate but to the other constituents of GBHs [62].…”

Section: Cytotoxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Glyphosate Use, Toxicity and Occurrence in Food

Soares

Silva

Duarte

et al. 2021

Foods

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Glyphosate is a systemic, broad-spectrum and post-emergent herbicide. The use of glyphosate has grown in the last decades, and it is currently the most used herbicide worldwide. The rise of glyphosate consumption over the years also brought an increased concern about its possible toxicity and consequences for human health. However, a scientific community consensus does not exist at the present time, and glyphosate’s safety and health consequences are controversial. Since glyphosate is mainly applied in fields and can persist several months in the soil, concerns have been raised about the impact that its presence in food can cause in humans. Therefore, this work aims to review the glyphosate use, toxicity and occurrence in diverse food samples, which, in certain cases, occurs at violative levels. The incidence of glyphosate at levels above those legally allowed and the suspected toxic effects of this compound raise awareness regarding public health.

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“…Roundup formulations generally contain about 40% glyphosate together with adjuvants, which increase its effectiveness, and other co-formulants, according to Séralini and Jungers [3]. Some of these ingredients are toxic, according to Hao et al [4]. The ingredients of any Roundup formulation are commercially confidential and are not available to the public, but one commonly known adjuvant is the toxic surfactant polyoxyethylene amine (POEA).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hao et al [4] investigated the effects of glyphosate alone and also of glyphosate together with ethoxylated formulants and their mixtures on cell lines of the human liver, lungs and nerve tissue. The formulations were found to be toxic, inhibiting cell proliferation, while glyphosate alone had no significant effect.…”

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confidence: 99%

Glyphosate, Roundup and the Failures of Regulatory Assessment

Novotny

2022

Toxics

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Roundup is the most widely used herbicide in agriculture. It contains glyphosate as the ‘active ingredient’, together with formulants. There are various versions of Roundup, with somewhat different effects depending on the formulants. Most genetically-modified crops are designed to tolerate Roundup, thus allowing spraying against weeds during the growing season of the crop without destroying it. Having been so heavily used, this herbicide is now found in the soil, water, air, and even in humans worldwide. Roundup may also remain as a residue on edible crops. Many studies have found harm to the environment and to health, making it imperative to regulate the use of Roundup and to ensure that its various formulations pose no danger when used in the long-term. Unfortunately, regulators may only assess the ‘active ingredient’, glyphosate, and ignore the toxicity of the formulants, which can be far more toxic than the active ingredient. This omission is in violation of a ruling by the Court of Justice of the European Union. There are close ties between the regulators and the industry they are supposed to regulate. Objectionable practices include ‘revolving doors’ between the regulators and the industry, heavy reliance on unpublished papers produced by the industry while dismissing papers published by independent scientists, and strong covert influence on the regulatory process by industry. Although this paper focuses on the European Union (EU), the situation is much the same in the United States.

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Evaluation of the cytotoxic effects of glyphosate herbicides in human liver, lung, and nerve

Cited by 38 publications

References 42 publications

Toxicological Comparison of Mancozeb and Zoxamide Fungicides at Environmentally Relevant Concentrations by an In Vitro Approach

Toxicological Comparison of Mancozeb and Zoxamide Fungicides at Environmentally Relevant Concentrations by an In Vitro Approach

Glyphosate Use, Toxicity and Occurrence in Food

Glyphosate, Roundup and the Failures of Regulatory Assessment

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