Evaluation of the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of extracts of mussels originating from Moroccan Atlantic coast, in human colonic epithelial cells Caco‐2

Abstract

Industrial processing of phosphates generates chemical wastes which are, without any treatment, discharged directly into the Atlantic Ocean at Jorf Lasfar (JL), located 120 km south of Casablanca (Morocco) were shellfish are also collected by people without any control. Marine bivalves concentrate these pollutants by filtration and serve as vectors in human's exposure. The objective of this study was to test and compare in vitro on human intestinal cells (Caco-2) the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) extracts (either hydrophilic or lipophilic) collected at two coastal sites; JL (neighboring a phosphate processing plat-form) and Oualidia (OL) (a vegetable growing area) located 160 km south of Casablanca (i.e. 40 km south of JL). Using Caco-2 cells, the following end-points have been evaluated, cytotoxicity as measured by MTS test, inhibition of cellular macromolecules syntheses (DNA and protein) and genotoxicity evaluated by DNA fragmentation in agarose gel electrophoresis. The results indicated, that hydrophilic and lipophilic OL mussels extracts are cytotoxic and inhibit cellular macromolecules syntheses. Moreover these extracts damage the DNA in Caco-2 cells. The lipophilic JL mussels extract is cytotoxic, inhibits cellular macromolecules syntheses, and damages the DNA in Caco-2 cells whereas the hydrophilic extract of JL mussels fails to inhibit protein synthesis and does not damage the DNA. This extract rather enhances protein synthesis, suggesting possible metallothioneins induction by metal ions. Altogether these in vitro data indicate that mussels collected from OL could be more harmful than those from JL even though the later is closer to the pollution site than OL. Nevertheless consumption of mussels from all these areas may present a risk for humans. Epidemiological studies will be needed for global risk assessment in humans living in these areas especially those consuming see food regularly.

Permeability of rosmarinic acid in Prunella vulgaris and ursolic acid in Salvia officinalis extracts across Caco-2 cell monolayers

“…The cells were cultured according to Hubatsch et al (2007). Cytotoxicity of RA, UA, and extracts was measured according to Nasser et al (2008). RA, UA, P. vulgaris ethanol extracts containing the same concentrations of RA, and S. officinalis extract containing the same concentrations of UA, at 1, 10, 20, 50, and 100 μM, were tested for cytotoxicity.…”

Determination of heavy metal content and lipid profiles in mussel extracts from two sites on the moroccan atlantic coast and evaluation of their biological activities on MIN6 pancreatic cells

“…In addition to fatty acids and oxysterols, phospholipids (especially phosphatidylcholine, whose level was higher in JL than in OL and SP mussels) could also constitute a suitable biomarker for discriminating the coastal areas which are the most affected by pollution. The advantage of quantifying fatty acids and phospholipids in the mussel ( M. galloprovincialis ) has previously been reported during an experimental culture using mussel seed from areas with different degrees of exposure to the Prestige oil spill (Peteiro et al,). Therefore, in agreement with Peteiro et al, the phosphatidylcholine level in mussels could also be a valuable environmental biomarker.…”

Bioavailability and metabolism of botanical constituents and enhancement of intestinal barrier function by caffeic acid derivatives in Caco-2 cells

“…The cells were cultured according to . Cytotoxicity of pure compounds and extracts was measured according to Nasser et al (2008). Pure Bauer alkamides and ketone, at 10-1000 μM, and E. pallida and E. sanguinea ethanol extracts, at 0.1-50 mg/mL, were tested for cytotoxicity.…”

“…The cells were cultured according to . Cytotoxicity of RA, UA, and extracts was measured according to Nasser et al (2008). RA, UA, P. vulgaris ethanol extracts containing the same concentrations of RA, and S. officinalis extract containing the same concentrations of UA, at 1, 10, 20, 50, and 100 μM in DMEM, were tested for cytotoxicity.…”

“…Whole cell extracts were prepared for immunoblot analysis of tight junction proteins after incubation for 48 h as described below. Cytotoxicity of caffeic acid, rosmarinic acid, chlorogenic acid and mHPP was measured according to Nasser et al (2008).…”