Evaluation of the developmental toxicity of 2-phenoxyethanol and clove oil anaesthetics using the Frog Embryo Teratogenesis Assay: Xenopus (FETAX)

Vršková, Dagmar; Modrá, Helena

doi:10.17221/5955-vetmed

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…(2007) showed that the use of 2-PE at a concentration of 0.30 mL/L did not cause any irreversible damage to sheatfish. ( Vrskova and Modra (2012) reported in 2012 that 2-PE at concentrations higher than 300 mg/L induced embryonic growth inhibition in frogs and posed a teratogenic risk. A 2014 study by ( Mitjana et al., 2014 ; Bonastre et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Velisek et al (2007) showed that the use of 2-PE at a concentration of 0.30 mL/L did not cause any irreversible damage to sheatfish. (Vrskova and Modra (2012) reported in 2012 that 2-PE at concentrations higher than 300 mg/L induced embryonic growth inhibition in frogs and posed a teratogenic risk. A 2014 study by (Mitjana et al, 2014;Bonastre et al 2014) noted that repeated exposure to 2-PE resulted in some tolerance of juvenile angel fish to sedation and anesthetics, indicating that angel fish produce compensatory effects by reducing the number of GABA receptors, thereby prolonging the sedation and anesthesia time.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Combined Transcriptomics and Metabolomics Analyses in Grass Carp Under Anesthetic Stress

Wang

Liu

et al. 2022

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Ctenopharyngodon Idella, as a common freshwater bony fish, is more susceptible to various diseases than other carp species, so it has been proposed as a test organism for toxicological analysis In this study, C. idella were anesthetized with MS-222 and 2-PE, and the related anesthetic mechanism and toxic effects were revealed by transcriptomics and metabolomics analyses. When the concentration of MS-222 was 80 mg/L and 200 mg/L, 179 and 887 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), respectively, were identified in the brain tissue of C. idella. When the concentration of 2-PE was 0.6 mL/L and 1.2 mL/L, 498 and 514 DEGs were identified. The DEGs associated with MS-222 treatment were enriched in immune pathways, lipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and various signaling pathways; DEGs associated with 2-PE treatment were enriched in immunity and amino acid metabolism. In total, 304 metabolites were identified using a combination of positive and negative ion modes in mass spectrometry. The common differential metabolites identified in the MS-222 high and low concentration groups were 20-HETE and 12(R)-HETE; the common significant differential metabolite identified in the 2-PE high and low concentration groups was salidroside. In combination with the transcriptomics analysis and metabolomics analysis, the results showed that with the MS-222 and 2-PE concentrations used in this experiment, the metabolism of arachidonic acid in C. idella was inhibited by MS-222, and 2-PE affected the upstream and downstream metabolic pathways of arachidonic acid metabolism, thereby affecting the metabolism of arachidonic acid. Both anesthetics induce sedation by affecting related metabolites that affect stress response and autoimmunity. Metabolomics results showed that neither anesthetic had a significant effect on cortisol expression.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined Transcriptomics and Metabolomics Analyses in Grass Carp Under Anesthetic Stress

Wang

Liu

et al. 2022

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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“…2-PHE has been used on newts ( Perret & Joly, 2002 ), fishes ( Toni et al, 2015 ), and adult frogs ( Eggert, Peyret & Guyétant, 1999 ) for anesthetic purposes, but has been largely overlooked for larval application. In most amphibian research MS-222 has been used, popularized perhaps because of its use in amphibian medicine ( Mitchell, 2009 ; Vrskova & Modra, 2012 ). Yet, MS-222 needs to be buffered and has been found to increase cortisol concentrations (an indicator of stress) ( Coyle, Durborow & Tidwell, 2004 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visible implant elastomer (VIE) success in early larval stages of a tropical amphibian species

Fouilloux¹,

Garcia-Costoya²,

Rojas³

2020

PeerJ

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Animals are often difficult to distinguish at an individual level, and being able to identify individuals can be crucial in ecological or behavioral studies. In response to this challenge, biologists have developed a range of marking (tattoos, brands, toe-clips) and tagging (banding, collars, PIT, VIA, VIE) methods to identify individuals and cohorts. Animals with complex life cycles are notoriously hard to mark because of the distortion or loss of the tag across metamorphosis. In amphibians, few studies have attempted larval tagging and none have been conducted on a tropical species. Here, we present the first successful account of VIE tagging in early larval stages (Gosner stage 25) of the dyeing poison frog (Dendrobates tinctorius) coupled with a novel anesthetic (2-PHE) application for tadpoles that does not require buffering. Mean weight of individuals at time of tagging was 0.12 g, which is the smallest and developmentally youngest anuran larvae tagged to date. We report 81% tag detection over the first month of development, as well as the persistence of tags across metamorphosis in this species. Cumulative tag retention vs tag observation differed by approximately 15% across larval development demonstrating that “lost” tags can be found later in development. Tagging had no effect on tadpole growth rate or survival. Successful application of VIE tags on D. tinctorius tadpoles introduces a new method that can be applied to better understand early life development and dispersal in various tropical species.

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“…CHAPTER FIVE: ACTIVITIES OF EMERGING CONTAMINANTS Collectively, the data from the in vitro yeast bioassay and previous in vivo studies (Voskoboynik et al 2002;Houtman et al 2004a;Vrskova & Modra 2012) highlight the high toxicity of these synthetic chemicals towards a wide range of aquatic organisms. This is of particular concern since these compounds are being detected with increasing frequency in aquatic environments (Daughton & Ternes 1999;Kolpin et al 2004;Kasprzyk-Hordern et al 2008;Kimura et al 2014).…”

Section: )mentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular evolution and functional characterisation of tunicate xenobiotic receptors

Hertweck¹

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<p>Marine microorganisms generate a wide range of ’bioactive’ compounds that can have far-reaching effects on biological and ecological processes. Metazoans have developed specialised biochemical pathways that metabolise and eliminate potentially toxic chemicals (xenobiotics) from their bodies. The vertebrate xenobiotic receptor, pregnane X receptor (PXR), is a ligand-activated nuclear receptor transcription factor regulating expression of multiple detoxification genes. Ligand-binding domains (LBDs) of vertebrate PXR orthologues may have adaptively evolved to bind toxins typically encountered by these organisms. Marine invertebrate filter-feeders are exposed to relatively high concentrations of xenobiotics associated with their diet. Tunicates (phylum: Chordata) are of particular interest as they form the sister clade to the Vertebrata. Genomes of the solitary tunicate Ciona intestinalis and the colonial tunicate Botryllus schlosseri both encode at least two xenobiotic receptors that are orthologues to both the vertebrate vitamin D receptor (VDR) and PXR. Pursuing the idea that tunicate xenobiotic receptors (VDR/PXR) may adaptively evolve to bind toxic chemicals commonly present in an organism’s environment, this thesis aims to identify if: (i) adaptive evolution is acting on putative tunicate VDR/PXR orthologues to enhance binding of dietary xenobiotics; (ii) these receptors are activated by dietary xenobiotics (e.g. microalgal biotoxins) and; (iii) tunicate VDR/PXR LBDs can be used as sensor elements in yeast bioassays for the detection of both natural and synthetic bioactive compounds. To identify genetic variation and to search for evidence of positive selection, next-generation sequencing was performed on three tunicate VDR/PXR orthologues genes. Recombinant yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) cell lines were developed for the functional characterisation of tunicate VDR/PXR LBDs. These tunicate VDR/PXR LBD-based yeast bioassays were utilised to detect known microalgal biotoxins, natural bioactive compounds, and environmental contaminants. Next-generation sequencing revealed both an unusually high genetic diversity and strong purifying selection in VDR/PXR orthologues from C. intestinalis and B. schlosseri. Single-base-deletion allelic variants were found in C. intestinalis VDR/PXR orthologues resulting in predicted proteins having a DNA-binding domain but lacking a LBD. The persistence of these variants may reflect constitutive expression of detoxification genes as a selective advantage in the marine environment. To assess the functional characteristics of tunicate VDR/PXR orthologues, recombinant yeast cell lines were developed that express VDR/PXRα LBDs from C. intestinalis and B. schlosseri. These chimeric proteins mediate liganddependent expression of a lacZ reporter gene which encodes an easily assayed enzyme (β-galactosidase). These yeast bioassays were highly sensitive towards both synthetic and natural toxins (coefficients of variance, CV <25%). Microalgal biotoxins (okadaic acid and portimine) were two orders of magnitude more potent than synthetic chemicals, which was consistent with the hypothesis that tunicate xenobiotic receptors can bind marine bioactive compounds frequently present in a filter-feeder’s diet. Following these functional studies, the yeast bioassays were tested in a more applied context by screening the following compounds: (i) natural bioactive compounds that represent promising compounds for drug development and; (ii) synthetic chemicals that are common environmental pollutants. Of the 34 compounds tested, 30 were active in the tunicate yeast bioassays. The yeast bioassays were particularly sensitive towards a small number (n = 11) of marine and terrestrial bioactive compounds (CJ-13-014, CJ-13-104, thysanone and naringin) and emerging contaminants such as pharmaceuticals (ketoconazole), antifungals (radicicol), preservatives (butylated hydroxtoluene) and surfactants (oil dispersants), generating CV values <25%. Activities of the remaining 19 compounds were highly variable and appeared to depend on several factors, such as solvent used, duration of exposure and type of recombinant protein expressed (e.g. C. intestinalis versus B. schlosseri VDR/PXRα). In conclusion, the yeast bioassay developed in this thesis, with further development, may provide a template for novel bioassays that may find application in routine microalgal biotoxin testing and environmental monitoring. These bioassays may also assist in the identification of marine bioactive compounds as drug lead compounds.</p>

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Evaluation of the developmental toxicity of 2-phenoxyethanol and clove oil anaesthetics using the Frog Embryo Teratogenesis Assay: Xenopus (FETAX)

Cited by 5 publications

References 20 publications

Combined Transcriptomics and Metabolomics Analyses in Grass Carp Under Anesthetic Stress

Combined Transcriptomics and Metabolomics Analyses in Grass Carp Under Anesthetic Stress

Visible implant elastomer (VIE) success in early larval stages of a tropical amphibian species

Molecular evolution and functional characterisation of tunicate xenobiotic receptors

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