Evaluation of the effectiveness of BG-Sentinel and CDC light traps in assessing the abundance, richness, and community composition of mosquitoes in rural and natural areas

Abstract

Background Vector-borne diseases are a major burden to public health. Controlling mosquitoes is considered the most effective way to prevent vector-borne disease transmission. Mosquito surveillance is a core component of integrated vector management, as surveillance programs are often the cornerstone for the development of mosquito control operations. Two traps are the most commonly used for the surveillance of adult mosquitoes: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention miniature light trap (CDC light trap) and BG-Sentinel trap (BioGents, Regensburg, Germany). However, despite the importance of the BG-Sentinel trap in surveillance programs in the United States, especially in the Southern states, its effectiveness in consistently and reliably collecting mosquitoes in rural and natural areas is still unknown. We hypothesized that BG-Sentinel and CDC light traps would be more attractive to specific mosquito species present in rural and natural areas. Therefore, our objective was to compare the relative abundance, species richness, and community composition of mosquitoes collected in natural and rural areas by BG-Sentinel and CDC light traps. Methods Mosquitoes were collected from October 2020 to March 2021 using BG-Sentinel and CDC light traps baited with dry ice, totaling 105 trap-nights. Results The BG-Sentinel traps collected 195,115 mosquitoes comprising 23 species from eight genera, and the CDC light traps collected 188,594 mosquitoes comprising 23 species from eight genera. The results from the permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) and generalized estimating equation model for repeated measures indicate the BG-Sentinel and CDC light traps had similar sampling power. Conclusion Even though BG-Sentinel traps had a slightly better performance, the difference was not statistically significant indicating that both traps are suitable to be used in mosquito surveillance in rural and natural areas. Graphical Abstract

Mosquito community composition in two major stopover aquatic ecosystems used by migratory birds in northern Spain

“…The collection of flying mosquitoes using baited traps is less time‐consuming than other trapping methods; however, different traps vary in their ability to catch certain species. Since some species move long distances from their larval sites and others are difficult to collect using adult suction traps, the direct collection of immature stages in aquatic habitats should be pursued (Wilke et al, 2022). In this study, Cx.…”

Zoonotic Flavivirus Exposure in Peri-Urban and Suburban Pig-Keeping in Hanoi, Vietnam, and the Knowledge and Preventive Practices of Pig Farmers

“…A pair of traps were used on each farm, in which one CDC trap was hung outdoors close to the pig pen at about 1.5 m height above the ground; and another indoor trap (either CDC light trap or BG trap) was placed near the bedroom of pig owner. In the more rural settings, both BG and CDC traps have been found to provide a similar attraction to mosquito species [ 19 ]. The traps were activated from 5 p.m. on the interviewing day until 7.30 a.m. of the next day, the active phase of some species of the Anopheles , Mansonia , Aedes , and Culex genera [ 20 ].…”

Spatiotemporal Distribution of Vector Mosquito Species and Areas at Risk for Arbovirus Transmission in Maricopa County, Arizona

“…All collected mosquitoes are transported to the Maricopa County Environmental Services Department Vector Control Division Laboratory and morphologically identified to species using taxonomic keys [38]. BG-Sentinel traps baited with BG-Lure and EVS-CDC traps baited with CO 2 attract female mosquitoes seeking hosts for blood-feeding [39]. Even though male mosquitoes were sometimes collected, male data was not included in the proposed analyses.…”