Evaluation of the effects of bone morphogenetic protein-2 on the healing of bone calvarial defects in ovariectomized rats

Abstract

Introduction Inadequate bone support for oral surgery and periodontal regeneration is a major problem for surgical applications. Additional graft materials are needed in dentistry to repair missing bone tissue. Currently, due to their osteogenic, osteoinductive, and osteoconductive effects, autogenous bone grafts are considered the gold standard under certain conditions [1]. However, other conditions, such as the presence of a second surgical site and the failure to obtain the desired amount of material, limit the use of autogenous bone grafts [2]. Because of this, many researchers have attempted to find an alternative to autografts. For instance, allografts have been used in dentistry for a long time. Allografts have osteoconductive and osteoinductive effects [3]. Regrettably, the devitalization process used to suppress the host immune response and prevent possible disease transmission in cadaveric allografts causes the loss of the mechanical, osteoinductive, and osteoconductive properties of the graft [4,5]. In addition, the maturation times of allografts are longer in defect regions than those of autografts [6,7]. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are well known to induce osteogenic effects. Allografts typically contain BMPs that accelerate mesenchymal cell migration and attachment [3]. In both in vitro and in vivo studies of BMP-2, which is a type of BMP, the contribution of BMP-2 to ossification could be shown. BMP-2 promotes periodontal and bone regeneration in some animal models [8,9] and also induces differentiation of preosteoblast cells and thereby increases ossification [10,11]. Fundamentally, BMPs are types of growth factors and belong to the transforming growth factor (TGF-β) family [12]. There are variant BMPs that support bone regeneration, such as BMP-2,-4,-5,-6, and-7 [13]. Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2), generated by recombinant DNA technology from mammalian cells, is known to induce differentiation of osteoblasts at a cellular level and to induce osteogenesis in animal models [14]. Bone graft materials and osteoinductive agents have a synergistic effect [15]. The synergistic effect of BMPs and bone grafts on bone regeneration has been demonstrated in animal studies [11].

Effect of implants of hydroxyapatite with tricalcium phosphates alloyed with Si on histomorphological and biochemical parameters in cases of bone defects of rabbits

“…However, in cases of complex comminuted fractures, defects need to be repaired with osteoplastic materials (Saglsyn et al, 2016). Currently, (Talashova et al, 2012;Rahmati et al, 2018) the following types of materials are proposed: 1) bioorganic -demineralized bone matrix, collagen, fibrin components; 2) ceramic materials -oxides of aluminum and zirconium, calcium-phosphate ceramics; 3) synthetic polymers -polymethyl methacrylate, polyglycolide, polydioxanone; 4) multi-component materials of various types (Reznik et al, 2019;Kadiroglu et al, 2020).…”