Evaluation of the effects of intravascular MR contrast media (gadolinium dendrimer) on 3D time of flight magnetic resonance angiography of the body

Abstract

The aims of this preliminary study were to establish the efficacy and minimum effective dose of TG(5)(FdDO3A)(52) gadolinium dendrimer for contrast-enhanced, three-dimensional (3D) time of flight (TOF) magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) of the body. In a dose ranging study in eight rabbits (Group A), each of two animals received 0.03; 0.02; 0.01; or 0.005 mmol/kg of the agent for 3D-TOF MRA of the pelvic circulation in the axial and coronal planes. An additional nine animals (Group B) received a dose of 0.02 mmol/kg for 3D-TOF MRA of the mediastinum, abdomen or of the lower limbs. Quantitative and qualitative analyses of the images from Group A demonstrated a dose-related reduction in saturation effects and improved visualization of vascular structures, with maximal augmentation of the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) at 0.03 mmol/kg. The dose of 0.02 mmol/kg was found to be the minimal effective dose at the three vascular regions.

Equilibrium phase MR angiography of the aortic arch and abdominal vasculature with the blood pool contrast agent CMD-A2-Gd-DOTA in pigs

“…Gadolinium-DTPA chelate has been linked to either albumin (17,18), dextran (19,20), or polylysine (21) and showed prolonged and great enhancement of organs (18,19) as well as reduced image degrading saturation effects in flow-sensitive MRA (18,20,21). Similar findings have been obtained with a high relaxation (R1 ϭ 20.1 mmol Ϫ1 · L · s Ϫ1 at 20 MHz, 37°C) gadolinium-dendrimeric macromolecule (22). Recently, a modified Gd-DTPA contrast agent, MS-325, was introduced, for which a phase II clinical trial has recently been completed.…”

Influence of dendrimers on red blood cells

“…The development of molecular nanostructures with well-defined particle size and shape is of eminent interest in biomedical applications. One of the earliest medical applications of dendrimers was to exploit them as MRI agents where they were used to prepare diagnostic agents with high relaxivity and long residence times in the blood [9,10]. A large number of terminal groups enables drug molecules to be attached to the dendrimer surface through covalent bonds [11,12].…”

Determination of spectral markers of cytotoxicity and genotoxicity using in vitro Raman microspectroscopy: cellular responses to polyamidoamine dendrimer exposure

“…The potential use of PAMAM dendrimers in gene and/or drug delivery, miRNA delivery and MRI contrast agents has already been explored. [16][17][18] The toxic effects of the PAMAM dendrimers on different cell lines have also been widely studied using cytotoxicity assays such as Alamar Blue (AB), MTT, Neutral Red (NR) and Clonogenic assays. [19][20][21][22][23][24] Cellular exposure to PAMAM dendrimers has been shown to result in oxidative stress, activation of inflammatory cascades.…”