Evaluation of the False Recent Classification Rates of Multiassay Algorithms in Estimating HIV Type 1 Subtype C Incidence

Abstract

Laboratory cross-sectional assays are useful for the estimation of HIV incidence, but are known to misclassify individuals with long-standing infection as recently infected. The false recent rate (FRR) varies widely across geographic areas; therefore, accurate estimates of HIV incidence require a locally defined FRR. We determined FRR for Botswana, where HIV-1 subtype C infection is predominant, using the BED capture enzyme immunoassay (BED), a Bio-Rad Avidity Index (BAI) assay (a modification of the Bio-Rad HIV1/2 + O EIA), and two multiassay algorithms (MAA) that included clinical data. To estimate FRR, stored blood samples from 512 antiretroviral (ARV)-naive HIV-1 subtype C-infected individuals from a prospective cohort in Botswana were tested at 18-24 months postenrollment. The following FRR mean (95% CI) values were obtained: BED 6.05%

Genetic diversity of HIV-1 and transmitted drug resistance among newly diagnosed individuals with HIV infection in Hangzhou, China

“…BED-CEIA can classify the types of HIV-1 infection (recent versus chronic), thus can be applied in the population-based prevalence of TDR in the recently infected individuals [Parekh et al, 2002;Jayaraman et al, 2006;Murillo et al, 2010]. Though BED-CEIA exhibits a certain rate of false-recent misclassification [Moyo et al, 2014], it still has higher predictive value of recent infection than indiscriminate sampling or sampling with younger age alone [Murillo et al, 2010]. In this study, we made further exclusion on the basis of CD4 counts and clinic diagnosis, which could be predicted to reduce false positive cases.…”

Immune Activation Is Associated With Increased Gut Microbial Translocation in Treatment-Naive, HIV-Infected Children in a Resource-Limited Setting

“…Earlier, we also reported that plasma 16S rDNA was elevated compared with healthy volunteers in a treatment-experienced HIV+ pediatric US cohort, but the values were far lower than those observed here. 24 A recent study in ART-treated, HIV-infected children in the United Kingdom 34 also found low levels of 16S rDNA in low frequency, and gut-associated bacterial species were identified by sequencing the bacterial DNA. In broad range quantitative 16S rDNA PCR assays, there is a possibility of DNA contamination, exogenous or endogenous, for which only cloning or sequencing can confirm gut bacteria.…”

Characteristics of Patients Recently Infected with HIV-1 Non-B Subtypes in France: a Nested Study within the Mandatory Notification System for New HIV Diagnoses

“…The recentness of infection was identified in each sample using the EIA-RI (IDE/V3) assay (20,24). Recent studies have shown that a combination of assays may improve the accuracy of the data (35)(36)(37)(38). Although we did not use a multiassay algorithm, our strategy which corrects the false recentness for any patient known to be at the AIDS stage, a major factor for misclassification, was shown to be relevant at a population level (20,23,24).…”