Globalisation, increase of migration flows, and the concurrent worldwide competitiveness impose rethinking of testing and assessment procedures and practices in an international and multicultural context. This chapter reviews the methodological and practical implications for psychological assessment in the field of career guidance. The methodological implications are numerous and several aspects have to be considered, such as cross-cultural equivalence or construct, method, and item bias. Moreover, the construct of culture by itself is difficult to define and difficult to measure. In order to provide non-discriminatory assessment, counsellors should develop their clinical cross-cultural competencies, develop more specific intervention strategies, and respect cultural differences. Several suggestions are given concerning translation and adaptation of psychological instruments, developing culture specific measures, and the use of these instruments. More research in this field should use mixed methods, multi-centric designs, and consider emic and etic psychological variables. A multidisciplinary approach might also allow identifying culture specific and ecological meaningful constructs. Non-discriminatory assessment implies considering the influence and interaction of personal characteristics and environmental factors.Testing and assessment in an international context 3 Testing and Assessment in an International Context: Cross-and Multi-Cultural Issues Globalisation, increase of migration flows, and the concurrent worldwide competitiveness impose a shift on intercultural research, towards an integrative background to both common and regional competencies to achieve added value and usefulness of testing and assessment techniques. Whenever a test is translated and adapted for use in another language or culture, it is mandatory to know that the process begins always with evaluation: the first issue concerns the conceptual definition and the context of its operationalisation, which means the identification of the relevant contents of cultural knowledge. In this case, the ingredients of knowledge mean the understanding of how culture is expressed through beliefs and values, behavioural expressions, symbols and habits, but also mean a balance between cognitive knowledge and attributes of good judgement to deal with the culture or sub-culture variables. The close connection between these two aspects can lead to a deep awareness of construct validation research within each population for which translation or adaptation occurs.As Hambleton (2005) pointed out, a distinction has to be made between test adaptation and test translation. In his view, the term "adaptation" is broader and more reflective of what should happen in practice when preparing a test that is constructed in one language and culture for use in a second language and culture. Test adaptation includes all the steps involved in developing a measure to assess a specific construct in a different language and culture, taking into account the specificities of that l...