Evaluation of the Influence of Water Exchange in Channel Catfish Ponds

McGee, M.V.; Boyd, Claude E.

doi:10.1577/1548-8659(1983)112<557:eotiow>2.0.co;2

Cited by 18 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 3 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…High water exchange rates (50-100 turnovers per day) clearly affect carrying capacity of coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch {Westers, 1970). Very low exchange rates (up to 5% per day) have no effect on water quality of channel catfish ponds (McGee and Boyd, 1983 ). Intermediate exchange rates (1 turnover per day) have been shown to increase yield of Penaeus monodon in ponds (Hiraswa, 1985)) but densities in the latter two systems were well below those of our experiments.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 62%

The effects of water exchange rate and density on yield of the walking catfish, Clarias fuscus

Diana

Fast

1989

Aquaculture

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

High stocking densities (600 fish/m3) of walking catfish resulted in slightly higher mortality rate, no difference in growth rate, and a much higher yield than low density stocking (300 fish/ m3). Water flow rate (10, 5, or 2.5 turnovers/day, turnover here is one diluted replacement volume) had no effect on survival, growth, or yield. Fish were grown out from an initial weight of 5.4 g for 90 days, and most mortality occurred early in the cycle when the fish weighed < 26 g. Growth was also high initially and declined with time. Dissolved oxygen did not differ between tanks of different density, but was altered by flow rate. Water supply parameters, such as short-term BOD, strongly affected dissolved oxygen content at all flow rates. Ammonia concentrations increased with density and decreased with increased flow rate. Mortality rate of all fish was strongly size dependent, and mortality of small fish was correlated with short-term BOD.

show abstract

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 62%

The effects of water exchange rate and density on yield of the walking catfish, Clarias fuscus

Diana

Fast

1989

Aquaculture

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Prior to termination, the 0%66/m2 pond had a maximum recorded value of 9.0 mg/L. Average ammonia concentrations (Table 4) in this study were higher than those reported for static catfish ponds with similar feeding rates over 7.5 mo (McGee and Boyd 1983;Cole and Boyd 1986).…”

Section: Water Quality Of Inlet Water and Various Water-exchangehtocontrasting

confidence: 59%

“…This approaches the lethal concentration reported for P. monodon (Chen and Lei 1990). Catfish ponds without exchange and fed at similar rates had average nitrite-N concentrations nearly an order of magnitude lower than those reported here (Table 4) (Cole and Boyd 1986;McGee and Boyd 1983).…”

Section: Water Quality Of Inlet Water and Various Water-exchangehtomentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Water Exchange Rate on Production, Water Quality, Effluent Characteristics and Nitrogen Budgets of Intensive Shrimp Ponds

Hopkins¹,

Hamilton²,

Sandier³

et al. 1993

J World Aquaculture Soc

225

108

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Water exchange is routinely used in shrimp culture. However, there are few, if any, systematic investigations upon which to base exchange rates. Furthermore, environmental impacts of pond effluent threaten to hinder further development of shrimp farming in the U.S. The present study was designed to determine effects of normal (25.0%/d), reduced (2.5%/d) and no (0%/d) water exchange on water quality and production in intensive shrimp ponds stocked with Penaeus setiferus at 44 postlarvae/m2. Additional no‐exchange ponds were stocked with 22 and 66 postlarvae/m2 to explore density effects. Water exchange rates and stocking density influenced most water quality parameters measured, including dissolved oxygen, pH, ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, Kjeldahl nitrogen, soluble orthophosphate, biochemical oxygen demand, phytoplankton and salinity. Reduced‐exchange and no‐exchange treatments resulted in reduced potential for environmental impact. Mass balance of nitrogen for the system indicates that 13–46% of nitrogen input via feed is lost through nitrification and atmospheric diffusion. Growth and survival were excellent in ponds with normal exchange, reduced exchange, and a combination of low density with no water exchange. A combination of higher stocking density and no water exchange resulted in mass mortalities. Mortalities could not be attributed to a toxic effect of any one water quality parameter. Production was 6,400 kg/ha/crop with moderate stocking density (44/m2) and reduced (2.5%/d) water exchange and 3,200 kg/ha/crop with lower stocking density (22/m2) and no water exchange. Results indicate that typical water exchange rates used in intensive shrimp farms may be drastically reduced resulting in a cost savings to farms and reduced potential for environmental impact from effluent.

show abstract

“…Although these can effectively reduce phytoplankton numbers, they do nothing to eliminate or reduce the cause of their accumulation. Other methods which have been utilized include removal of excess nutrients from the water (McGee and Boyd 1983) or direct harvest of the algae by phytoplanktivorous species (Perschbacher and Lorio 1993; Turker et al 2003).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyculture of Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, Either Confined in Cages or Unconfined in Freshwater Prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, Ponds

Tidwell¹,

Coyle²,

Bright³

2010

Journal of the World Aquaculture Society

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Polyculture of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, confined in cages suspended in prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, ponds has been shown to reduce phytoplankton densities, pH levels, and increase prawn production when compared to prawn monoculture ponds. However, as filter feeders, tilapia grazing might be more efficient if allowed free access to all portions of the water column, positively impacting both phytoplankton control and tilapia growth. This study was designed to compare the effects of confined and unconfined tilapia, in polyculture with freshwater prawns, on prawn growth, tilapia growth, algae populations, and water quality. Juvenile prawns were stocked into each of nine, 0.04 ha ponds as 60 d nursed juveniles (0.8 ± 0.3 g) at 62,000/ha. Three control ponds contained only prawns (MONO). In three other ponds, monosex (male) Nile tilapia (89.2 ± 23.6 g) were stocked unconfined into three ponds at 4400/ha (POLY‐UNC). In three additional ponds, the same size and number of tilapia were stocked but confined in two, 1 m3 cages at 100 fish/cage (POLY‐CON). Prawns were fed a sinking pellet (28% protein) twice daily at a standardized rate for 114 d. Tilapia were fed a floating pellet (32% protein) twice daily to apparent satiation for 106 d. In the POLY‐UNC treatment, average prawn harvest weight (26 g) and prawn production (1625 kg/ha) were significantly lower (P < 0.05) and prawn feed conversion ratio (3.0) was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than the other two treatments. However, there were no significant differences (P > 0.05) between the MONO and POLY‐CON treatments in terms of prawn harvest weight, production and feed conversion ratio with combined averages of 38 g, 2465 kg/ha, and 1.9, respectively. Average harvest weight and production of adult tilapia were not significantly different (P > 0.05) in the POLY‐CON and POLY‐UNC treatments averaging 485 g and 2293 kg/ha, respectively. Tilapia in the POLY‐CON treatment had a significantly higher (P < 0.05) survival rate (99.7%) and feed conversion ratio (1.5) than POLY‐UNC (90.3 and 0.8, respectively). There were no consistent trends in treatment differences (P > 0.05) among water quality variables or phytoplankton populations. Lower prawn production in the POLY‐UNC is likely due to competition for food with the large number of tilapia juveniles. Despite the use of Genetically Modified Tilapia (GMT) monosex males, several cohorts of juvenile tilapia were produced in each of the POLY‐UNC ponds, resulting in over 2500 kg/ha of juveniles in the POLY‐UNC treatment. No wild spawn tilapia juveniles were found in the POLY‐CON ponds. In summary, confinement of tilapia in cages appears preferable when tilapia are polycultured with freshwater prawn.

show abstract

Evaluation of the Influence of Water Exchange in Channel Catfish Ponds

Cited by 18 publications

References 3 publications

The effects of water exchange rate and density on yield of the walking catfish, Clarias fuscus

The effects of water exchange rate and density on yield of the walking catfish, Clarias fuscus

Effect of Water Exchange Rate on Production, Water Quality, Effluent Characteristics and Nitrogen Budgets of Intensive Shrimp Ponds

Polyculture of Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, Either Confined in Cages or Unconfined in Freshwater Prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, Ponds

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About