Evaluation of the Occluding Characteristics of Nanosized Eggshell/Titanium Dioxide with or without Saliva

Abstract

Objectives The study reports on the effectiveness of a ball-milled nanosized titanium dioxide composite (EB@TiO2) for DH management in comparison with commercial desensitizing paste with and without saliva. Materials and Methods Forty-nine dentine specimens were prepared from extracted bovine anterior teeth. Twenty-one of the specimens were brushed with three desensitizing toothpaste for 7 days, namely: Group 1; EB@TiO2, Group 2; Colgate Pro-relief; and Group 3; Sensodyne repair (n = 7). Twenty-four specimens were brushed with the toothpaste for 7 days and stored in artificial saliva (control) after brushing. Each specimen was subsequently posttreated in citric acid solution to test its stability in acidic condition. Field scanning electron microscope was used to evaluate the effectiveness of the dentine tubules occlusion. The biocompatibility of the composite was tested using BHK21 cell line. Statistical Analysis One-way analysis of variance was used to analyze the percentage occluded area ratio values for all specimens (α = 0.05). Independent t-test was further used to evaluate the occlusion differences with saliva and without saliva. Results and Conclusions The number of dentine tubules decreased significantly after 7 days of brushing. Overall, the occlusion observe for EB@TiO2 were significantly better than for Colgate Pro-relief and Sensodyne repair (p < 0.05). BHK21 assay suggested that composite had no significant effect on the BHK21 cell line. This study demonstrated that the composite effectively occluded open dentine tubules within 7 days of brushing.

An Eggshell-Based Toothpaste as a Cost-Effective Treatment of Dentin Hypersensitivity

“…With TNPsESTP, the presence of TNPs could also have accounted for dentinal tubules’ occlusion. The results of this study are in agreement with those obtained by Onwubu et al 32 33 34 In one of Onwubu et al’s studies, 32 a slurry of both ESP with or without TNPs was used. The slurry was prepared by mixing 1g of powder with 40 mL of deionized water.…”

“…Furthermore, in Onwubu et al's studies, bovine incisors were used; however, in the present study, human extracted molar teeth were used. [32][33][34] With Biorepair, the active ingredient, responsible for occlusion of dentinal tubule and dentin remineralization, is nanohydroxyapatite. The presence of hydroxyapatite in a nanoscale enhances its rapid dissolution and hence early occlusion of dentinal tubules.…”

Biomimetic Mechanism of Action of Fluoridated Toothpaste Containing Proprietary REFIX Technology on the Remineralization and Repair of Demineralized Dental Tissues: An In Vitro Study

“…10,11 The REFIX-containing toothpaste could also remineralize the dentin tissue effectively by depositing a mineral layer, thus progressively occluding the dentinal tubules. Depositing phosphate and calcium ions at the surface of exposed tubules forms a protective layer against dentinal hypersensitivity, 28 which is an effective treatment. 29 A clinical trial that evaluated the effectiveness of the REFIX-based toothpaste in 53 participants found that the participants experienced a significant reduction in dentin hypersensitivity after 1 week of use.…”

Biomimetic Remineralization with Nano-Hydroxyapatite Treatment of Enamel Erosion (an in vitro study)

“…The results are in agreement with Surmeneva et al (19) , they found that nano-HA promote preferential remineralization of the outer layer of enamel caries lesion and full remineralization does not occur. This indicates that nano-hydroxyapatite reveal a completely cure in remineralization of early enamel lesions (20) .…”