Evaluation of the Osteogenic Performance of Calcium Phosphate-Chitosan Bone Fillers

Abstract

There has been recent interest in utilizing calcium phosphates (CaPs) that set in situ for treating bone defects due to the limitations associated with morselized autografts and allografts. However, CaP cements have long setting times, poor mechanical properties, and poor osteoinductivity. This has prompted research toward finding a nonprotein-based compound, such as chitosan, to accelerate setting times and increase osteoinductivity. The purpose of this study was to compare bone growth rates during the early bone healing response achieved using conventionally prepared chitosan-CaP bone filler to an extensively purified chitosan-CaP compound. Both compounds set quickly and stimulated bone formation. Histomorphometry demonstrated a 290% increase in new bone formation when using the conventional chitosan-CaP bone filler and a 172% increase with the highly purified chitosan-CaP compound compared to the increase in bone formation seen with the unfilled control group. The results of this study indicate that a highly purified chitosan-CaP paste stimulated less bone formation than a conventionally prepared chitosan-CaP paste but both pastes have the potential to stimulate bone formation.

Assessment of the Breakaway Torque at the Posterior Pelvic Ring in Human Cadavers

“…Instead of using bone cement as a void filler in elderly patients with osteoporotic bone, calcium phosphate (CaP)-chitosan formulations might be applied to the bony defect as a void filler as these formulations were previously identified to stimulate initial bone formation [29]; in addition, in a senescence-accelerated osteoporotic mouse model (SAMP6) delayed fracture healing was noted to occur in advanced age SAMP6 mice [30].…”

Quaternized Chitosan Inhibits icaA Transcription and Biofilm Formation by Staphylococcus on a Titanium Surface

“…Incorporation of chitosan in bone cement has the potential to stimulate bone formation (18,39,48) and prevent bacterial colonization and biofilm formation on the bone cement surface (43). With its improved antimicrobial activity, HACC represents an attractive option for the impregnation of bone cement to provide a promising new strategy for combating orthopedic implant infections.…”

Assessment of Hemostatic Efficacy and Osseous Wound Healing Using HemCon Dental Dressing

“…Chitosan activates macrophages and mononuclear cells and induces the production of various growth factors (20). In addition, it has received recent attention as an effective carrier system for the release of bioactive agents, particularly bone morphogenetic proteins, to enhance bone formation in vitro and in vivo (21,22). This has potential as a novel therapeutic mechanism as it is believed that mesenchymal cells are able to differentiate into osteoblasts when stimulated by local factors such as bone morphogenetic proteins and lead to bone regeneration (23).…”