Evaluation of the pathogenicity of mammalian orthoreovirus type 3 (MRV3) in germ-free gnotobiotic pigs and of the efficacy of an inactivated vaccine against MRV3 infection in neonatal conventional piglets

Cao, Dianjun; Sooryanarain, Harini; Yugo, Danielle M.; Tian, Debin; Rogers, Adam J.; Heffron, C. Lynn; Narayanappa, Athmaram Thimmasandra; LeRoith, Tanya; Overend, Christopher; Matzinger, Shannon R.; Elankumaran, Subbiah; Hermann, Joseph; Patterson, Abby R.; Meng, Xiang‐Jin

doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2018.08.019

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…In Malaysia, MRV has been linked to respiratory infections in patients [12,13]. In pigs, MRV3 has been associated with fever, diarrhea, and respiratory disease in Europe, North America, and Asia [3,[14][15][16]. Additionally, MRV2 and MRV3 have been found to cause necrotizing encephalopathy and meningitis in the United States and Europe [2,17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First Specific Detection of Mammalian Orthoreovirus from Goats Using TaqMan Real-Time RT-PCR Technology

Mao,

Li,

Cai

et al. 2024

Veterinary Sciences

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Mammalian orthoreovirus (MRV) infections are ubiquitous in multiple mammalian species including humans, and mainly causes gastroenteritis and respiratory disease. In this study, we developed a rapid and sensitive TaqMan qRT-PCR method for MRV detection based on the primers and probe designed within the conserved L1 gene. The qRT-PCR assay was evaluated for its sensitivity, specificity, efficiency and reproducibility. It was found that the detection sensitivity was equivalent to 10 DNA copies/μL, and the standard curves had a linear correlation of R2 = 0.998 with an amplification efficiency of 99.6%. The inter- and intra-assay coefficients of variation (CV%) were in the range of 0.29% to 2.16% and 1.60% to 3.60%, respectively. The primer sets specifically amplified their respective MRV segments and had the highest detection sensitivities of 100.25 TCID50/mL with amplification efficiencies of 99.5% (R2 = 0.999). qRT-PCR was used for MRV detection from samples of sheep, goats, and calves from four regions in China, and the overall MRV prevalence was 8.2% (35/429), whereas 17/429 (4.0%) were detected by RT-PCR and 14/429 (3.3%) by virus isolation. The qRT-PCR assay showed significantly higher sensitivity than RT-PCR and virus isolation. Results from an epidemiological survey indicated that the positive rate of MRV in rectal swabs from sheep and goats tested in Shaanxi, Jiangsu, and Xinjiang were 9/80 (11.3%), 12/93 (12.9%) and 14/128 (10.9%), respectively. In goats and sheep, MRV prevalence was obviously associated with season and age, with a high positive rate of more than 8% during September to April and approximately 13% in small ruminant animals under two months of age. This is the first instance of MRV infection in sheep and goats in China, thus broadening our knowledge of MRV hosts. Consequently, primer optimization for qRT-PCR should not only prioritize amplification efficiency and specificity, but also sensitivity. This assay will contribute to more accurate and rapid MRV monitoring by epidemiological investigation, viral load, and vaccination efficacy.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First Specific Detection of Mammalian Orthoreovirus from Goats Using TaqMan Real-Time RT-PCR Technology

Mao,

Li,

Cai

et al. 2024

Veterinary Sciences

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…MRVs have been identified in patients with acute respiratory infections and further shown to have potential human-to-human transmission in Malaysia [14,15]. MRV3 is responsible for diarrhea, fever and respiratory disease in pigs in Asia, Europe and North America [16][17][18][19][20]. Reoviruses have been considered to induce neurological symptoms even though fewer cases of those were reported in contrast to cases of enteric illness and respiratory signs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation and characterization of novel reassortant mammalian orthoreovirus from pigs in the United States

Wang

Walsh

et al. 2021

Emerging Microbes & Infections

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Mammalian orthoreovirus (MRV) infects multiple mammalian species including humans. A United States Midwest swine farm with approximately one thousand 3-month-old pigs experienced an event, in which more than 300 pigs showed neurological signs, like “down and peddling”, with approximately 40% mortality. A novel MRV was isolated from the diseased pigs. Sequence and phylogenetic analysis revealed that the isolate was a reassortant virus containing viral gene segments from three MRV serotypes that infect human, bovine and swine. The M2 and S1 segment of the isolate showed 94% and 92% nucleotide similarity to the M2 of the MRV2 D5/Jones and the S1 of the MRV1 C/bovine/Indiana/MRV00304/2014, respectively; the remaining eight segments displayed 93%–95% nucleotide similarity to those of the MRV3 FS-03/Porcine/USA/2014. Pig studies showed that both MRV-infected and native contact pigs displayed fever, diarrhoea and nasal discharge. MRV RNA was detected in different intestinal locations of both infected and contact pigs, indicating that the MRV isolate is pathogenic and transmissible in pigs. Seroconversion was also observed in experimentally infected pigs. A prevalence study on more than 180 swine serum samples collected from two states without disease revealed 40%–52% positive to MRV. All results warrant the necessity to monitor MRV epidemiology and reassortment as the MRV could be an important pathogen for the swine industry and a novel MRV might emerge to threaten animal and public health.

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Isolation and characterization of mammalian orthoreovirus type 3 from a fecal sample from a wild boar in Japan

et al. 2021

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Evaluation of the pathogenicity of mammalian orthoreovirus type 3 (MRV3) in germ-free gnotobiotic pigs and of the efficacy of an inactivated vaccine against MRV3 infection in neonatal conventional piglets

Cited by 5 publications

References 22 publications

First Specific Detection of Mammalian Orthoreovirus from Goats Using TaqMan Real-Time RT-PCR Technology

First Specific Detection of Mammalian Orthoreovirus from Goats Using TaqMan Real-Time RT-PCR Technology

Isolation and characterization of novel reassortant mammalian orthoreovirus from pigs in the United States

Isolation and characterization of mammalian orthoreovirus type 3 from a fecal sample from a wild boar in Japan

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