Evaluation of the Stability of Polymeric Materials Exposed to Palm Biodiesel and Biodiesel–Organic Acid Blends

Abstract

Abstract:The aim of the present work is to evaluate the impact of pure palm biodiesel fuel (B100) and biodiesel blends with 0.32% oleic, palmitic, acetic, myristic, and stearic acids on the properties of some polymeric materials used commonly in the manufacture of auto parts such as the polyamide 66 (PA66), polyoxymethylene (POM), and high-density polyethylene (HDPE). The effects of the B100 and B100-acid blends on polymeric materials were examined by comparing changes in the gain/loss of mass and by measuring the hardness, the impact strength, and the tensile strength of the materials at the end of the exposure. The characterization of the polymers was carried out before and after exposure by using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). After the immersion in B100-acids blends, the HDPE exhibited an increase in mass of 5%, which was very similar in all blends. The PA66 showed a small decrease in weight (2% approx.) in all mixtures. The POM presented an increase in the percentage of weight in the mixture of B100 with acetic acid of 0.3%. A decrease was observed in the crystallinity of the HDPE when exposed to blends of B100-acids. This behavior may be associated with a plasticizing effect in the HDPE exposed to the blends. The mechanical properties of POM and HDPE showed no significant changes after immersion in the fuels. On the other hand, PA66 exhibited a significant decrease in maximum stress value after immersion in B100, B100-oleic acid and B100-palmitic acid blends. The variation of the mechanical properties of the PA66 after exposure to B100 was potentiated by addition of organic acids. The assessed polymers did not undergo appreciable changes in the chemical structure of the samples after immersion in the fuels, so the variation in the mechanical properties could be explained by physical absorption of the fuel into the polymers.

On amine treated polyoxymethylene (POM) blends with low formaldehyde emission for metal injection moulding (MIM)

“…2, the stretching mode of POM C-O-C bonds can be observed at 1088 and 891 cm -1 . Meanwhile, the moderate bands at 2920, 1237, and 630 cm -1 are attributed to the stretching of CH 2 [30,35]. As for the propylamine (PA), a twin peak can be observed at 3364 cm -1 and 3289 cm -1 , corresponding to primary amines -NH stretching vibration.…”

Relacionamiento de Instituciones de Educación Superior Colombianas con El Sector Empresarial: un Análisis Reflexivo

“…En el caso de la Universidad de An�oquia -UdeA, se han revisado a autores como Zuluaga & Rodríguez (2018), pues dan cuenta de la vinculación que dicha ins�tución de educación superior sos�ene con el sector empresarial farmacéu�co y biotecnológico, lo que es clara evidencia de la relación que sos�ene esta universidad con esas dos áreas de negocios. En tanto que, el Ins�tuto Tecnológico Metropolitano -ITM, por medio de autores como Baena, Zuleta & Calderón (2018), hace enormes contribuciones al sector empresarial para el desarrollo de materiales y biocombus�bles, lo que la hace ser una ins�tución vanguardista en ese terreno. Por su parte, el Politécnico Colombiano Jaime Isaza Cadavid, demuestra amplia experiencia en el sector agropecuario por medio de autores como Gómez, Londoño & Madrid (2013), quienes dan cuenta de la relevancia que como ins�tución de educación superior �enen al vincularse con el sector lechero, que es uno de los más fuertes y sólidos en el Departamento de An�oquia.…”

Utilization of Polymeric Materials toward Sustainable Biodiesel Industry: A Recent Review

“…Water content in the oils promotes hydrolysis reaction which leads to a greater FFA content within the oil. Moreover, if the water content sneaks to biodiesel, it may be responsible for damaging some auto parts, particularly polymers due to attributing hydrolysis reaction, oxidation, and FFA formation [ 17 ]. Beside the existence of FFA and moisture, the higher content of saturated fatty acids (SFA) constitutes another barrier toward utilizing biodiesel fuel from second-generation, in particular animal-based feedstocks.…”

“…Beside catalysis, polymers were used as additives to improve the cold-flow properties and enhance the fuel performance [ 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 ]. Moreover, stable polymers were investigated as storage containers and auto parts in direct contact with biodiesel [ 17 , 31 , 32 ]. So, reviewing those studies would help to build a collective knowledge and solid background to valorize polymers in biodiesel production industry.…”