Evaluation of the Susceptibility of Several Czech Conifer Provenances to Fusarium circinatum

Martín‐García, Jorge; Lukačevičová, Aneta; Flores-Pacheco, Juan Asdrúbal; Dvořák, Miloň

doi:10.3390/f9020072

Cited by 20 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Virulence tests on the three seedling families showed significant differences among isolate pathogenicity. Previous pathogenicity tests have involved a single isolate and multiple host species or genotypes from a same species [19,20,41,42] or different isolates on a same conifer species [40]. Here we tested the response to temperature of 15 isolates and performed pathogenicity tests on a subset of these using two host species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although this study was limited by using isolates from Georgia and Florida, further testing should incorporate a broader variety of isolates from the entire geographic range of loblolly and slash pines, which includes 14 US States. Furthermore, expanding this study to encompass isolates affecting other pine species from within the United States, such as Pinus radiata [50,51] or P. muricata [52], as well as worldwide [8,10,[40][41][42]53,54] could offer a more complete perspective on the effects of different environmental conditions and isolate diversity in fungal growth and virulence of F. circinatum. This study helped identify new isolates that have high virulence, even more so than those used by the RSC, and as a result, they are now included in the RSC tests.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In more recent studies conducted using different Fusarium species, pathogenicity tests were conducted using multiple isolates on Polish provenances of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) [40]. In other recent pathogenicity tests, multiple Czech [41] and Romanian [42] conifer species were inoculated with the same F. circinatum isolate isolated from P. radiata in Northern Spain (FcCa6) [41,42]. On the pathogen site, fungal growth and sporulation experiments at a range of temperatures [43], also used a single F. circinatum isolate.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Response to Temperature and Virulence Assessment of Fusarium circinatum Isolates in the Context of Climate Change

Quesada

Lucas²,

Smith

et al. 2019

Forests

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With future global temperatures predicted to increase, the relationship between a host, pathogen, and environment, becomes less predictable and epidemics may pose a greater risk to forests worldwide. Resistance breeding is an important disease management tool, but because tree species require long breeding times, it is necessary to develop techniques for testing current pathogen isolates against their hosts. Pitch canker disease of pines, caused by the pathogen Fusarium circinatum, is no exception and represents a threat to pine forests and commercial plantations worldwide, as it thrives at warm temperatures and high humidity. We tested growth of 15 F. circinatum isolates in culture at three temperatures: 25, 27, and 31 • C. We also evaluated the sporulation and pathogenicity of eight of the isolates on two susceptible Pinus elliotti (slash pine) open-pollinated families and one tolerant open-pollinated Pinus taeda (loblolly pine) family. Our results showed significant differences among isolates in the temperature and pathogenicity tests. All isolates showed a significant decrease in growth at 31 • C, although some showed similar growth at 25 and 27 • C. Several of the new isolates tested were more pathogenic than the isolates that the USDA Forest Service Resistance Screening Center (RSC) had been using. The new isolates have now been incorporated into their operational screening program.Also, both pathogen and some of hosts have whole-genome drafts available [16][17][18] that would facilitate future projects designed to understand host-pathogen interactions at the genomic and molecular level.Due to the wide-scale planting of southern pines and their economic importance, there is an urgent need to understand, not only the genetics and host-pathogen interactions, but also interactions with the environment in order to develop practical strategies for the management of pitch canker and other diseases. Resistance to pitch canker is quantitative and heritable [19,20]; therefore, commonly used management strategies involve breeding and deployment of resistant host material. With future global temperatures predicted to increase [21][22][23], new climate variations and extreme weather events are predicted to increase [24][25][26][27][28], which may lead to increased disease incidence [29] and compromise the host's defense response [30][31][32][33]. These changes in environment may also alter the relationships between host, pathogen and environment [34]. This disruption may also change the geographical distribution of pathogens, bringing them into areas where they are currently absent. In the future, a larger number of outbreaks and possible pathogenic variants may be expected as new environmental conditions resulting from climate change may favor survival and fitness of some pathogens. In contrast, plant disease management strategies under new climate conditions are lagging [35].The USDA Forest Service Resistance Screening Center (RSC) in Asheville, North Carolina has been screening seedlings of pine and other forest tre...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Response to Temperature and Virulence Assessment of Fusarium circinatum Isolates in the Context of Climate Change

Quesada

Lucas²,

Smith

et al. 2019

Forests

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“…However, all trees were destroyed and the surrounding area intensively surveyed, and the pathogen has not been detected since (H. Bragança, personal communication). From an epidemiological point of view, it is highly problematic that F. circinatum can persist as a latent endophyte in several plant species, including conifers such as Picea and Larix that are not regulated in the EU legislation [19].…”

Section: Global Situationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sampling and Detection Strategies for the Pine Pitch Canker (PPC) Disease Pathogen Fusarium circinatum in Europe

Vainio

Bezos

Bragança

et al. 2019

Forests

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Fusarium circinatum Nirenberg & O’Donnel is listed among the species recommended for regulation as quarantine pests in Europe. Over 60 Pinus species are susceptible to the pathogen and it also causes disease on Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) and species in genera such as Picea and Larix. The European Food Safety Authority considers the probability of new introductions—via contaminated seeds, wood material, soil and growing substrates, natural means and human activities—into the EU very likely. Due to early detection, constant surveillance and control measures, F. circinatum outbreaks have officially been eradicated in Italy and France. However, the global spread of F. circinatum suggests that the pathogen will continue to be encountered in new environments in the future. Therefore, continuous surveillance of reproductive material, nurseries and plantations, prompt control measures and realistic contingency plans will be important in Europe and elsewhere to limit disease spread and the “bridgehead effect”, where new introductions of a tree pathogen become increasingly likely as new environments are invaded, must be considered. Therefore, survey programs already implemented to limit the spread in Europe and that could be helpful for other EU countries are summarized in this review. These surveys include not only countries where pitch canker is present, such as Portugal and Spain, but also several other EU countries where F. circinatum is not present. Sampling protocols for seeds, seedlings, twigs, branches, shoots, soil samples, spore traps and insects from different studies are collated and compiled in this review. Likewise, methodology for morphological and molecular identification is herein presented. These include conventional PCR with a target-specific region located in the intergenic spacer region, as well as several real-time PCR protocols, with different levels of specificity and sensitivity. Finally, the global situation and future perspectives are addressed.

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“…() reported the susceptibility of Picea abies seedlings, the main forest tree in central to northern and eastern Europe, to F. circinatum . Moreover, the inoculation of P. abies and Larix decidua seedlings from the Czech Republic with F. circinatum resulted in infected but symptomless plants, representing a new risk of introducing the pathogen from other species in the Pinaceae (Martín‐García et al ., ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmentally friendly methods for controlling pine pitch canker

et al. 2019

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Fusarium circinatum is a highly virulent invasive pathogen that causes the disease commonly known as pine pitch canker (PPC). On mature trees, the most common symptoms of PPC include resin bleeding, resinous cankers, wilting of needles and dieback. In nurseries the main symptoms are yellowish needles, and wilting of foliage and shoots. PPC is considered one of the most important diseases of conifers globally and at least 60 species of Pinus along with Pseudotsuga menziesii are known to be susceptible. Quarantine regulations are crucial to minimize the risk of new introductions into disease‐free countries. However, if these measures fail, implementation of environmentally friendly control methods is currently encouraged in an integrated management approach that minimizes the use of chemicals in forests. This review therefore summarizes current knowledge of biological control using endophytic fungi, bacteria and viruses, and other environmentally friendly methods to control PPC, including thermotherapy, natural products with fungicidal effects, promoters of innate host resistance mechanisms and breeding for resistance. Key research gaps to be addressed for improvement of effective management of this disease are discussed.

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Evaluation of the Susceptibility of Several Czech Conifer Provenances to Fusarium circinatum

Cited by 20 publications

References 54 publications

Response to Temperature and Virulence Assessment of Fusarium circinatum Isolates in the Context of Climate Change

Response to Temperature and Virulence Assessment of Fusarium circinatum Isolates in the Context of Climate Change

Sampling and Detection Strategies for the Pine Pitch Canker (PPC) Disease Pathogen Fusarium circinatum in Europe

Environmentally friendly methods for controlling pine pitch canker

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