Evaluation of the taxonomic status of populations assigned to Phyllomedusa hypochondrialis (Anura, Hylidae, Phyllomedusinae) based on molecular, chromosomal, and morphological approach

Bruschi, Daniel Pacheco; Busin, Carmen Silvia; Toledo, Luı́s Felipe; Vasconcellos, Gilda Andrade; Strüssmann, Christine; Weber, Luiz Norberto; Lima, Albertina P.; Lima, Jucivaldo Dias; Recco‐Pimentel, Shirlei Maria

doi:10.1186/1471-2156-14-70

Cited by 32 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Among amphibians, different morphotypes within a species have been described and related to intraspecific changes in the timing of development (Collins, Zerba & Sredl, 1993), dietary conditions (Pfennig, 1990), geographical variation (Bruschi et al, 2013), or in response to predators (Kishida & Nishimura, 2005;Van Buskirk, 2017;Touchon & Robertson, 2018). The two morphs of B. riojana occurred simultaneously in the same sites and at the same developmental stages and body sizes, and with the same tooth formula, so, it is unlikely that they represent two different species or that diet or geographical variation may be directing the early appearance of the two morphotypes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intraspecific developmental variation in the life cycle of the Andean Treefrog (Boana riojana): A temporal analysis

Goldberg

Quinzio

Cruz

et al. 2019

Journal of Morphology

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Intraspecific variation during the anuran larval period has been analyzed mainly in relation to the timing of metamorphosis and body size at metamorphosis. However, other traits may vary as well. We examined two developmental series of Boana riojana from the same population in two consecutive years and describe intraspecific variation in larvae of this species. We discuss how variation, if present, may influence its life cycle. We found that both larval series differed in the larval period length, one twice as long as the other. This variation primarily depended on when breeding occurred, metamorphosis was achieved during late spring in both generations and at similar sizes, and only the rate of larval development during premetamorphosis varied extensively between years. This is consistent with thyroid gland activity because when it became active the developmental trajectory became more canalized. No variation of staging sequence occurred in relation to the different durations of the larval period. However, in the long‐lasting series we found two different morphs. Also, integument, thyroid gland, skeleton, and testis differentiation events occurred at the same developing stages. In contrast, ovarian differentiation proceeded at the same absolute age in both series. Sexual dimorphism becomes evident within the year after metamorphosis. The intraspecific heterochrony that we describe for the larval development of B. riojana does not lead to phenotypic variation at the end of metamorphosis. We discuss the importance of analyzing growth and development independently. Each proceeds differently in time, but with an interdependence at some point, because size and shape do not vary at the end of metamorphosis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intraspecific developmental variation in the life cycle of the Andean Treefrog (Boana riojana): A temporal analysis

Goldberg

Quinzio

Cruz

et al. 2019

Journal of Morphology

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“…Next we plotted the phylogeny in the morphospace using the 'phylomorphospace' function in R (R Core Team, 2016) implemented in the 'phytools' library (Revell, 2012). We used a consensus phylogeny based on Frost et al (2006), Roelants et al (2007), and Bruschi et al (2013) (Fig. 1).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 Phylogenetic tree representing the relationships among the species included in our study. The tree is a composite tree based on Frost et al (2006), Roelants et al (2007), and Bruschi et al (2013). To the right of the tree are indicated the different locomotor modes and lifestyles of the species.…”

Section: Telencephalonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation in brain anatomy in frogs and its possible bearing on their locomotor ecology

Manzano

Herrel²,

Fabre³

et al. 2017

Journal of Anatomy

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Despite the long-standing interest in the evolution of the brain, relatively little is known about variation in brain anatomy in frogs. Yet, frogs are ecologically diverse and, as such, variation in brain anatomy linked to differences in lifestyle or locomotor behavior can be expected. Here we present a comparative morphological study focusing on the macro- and micro-anatomy of the six regions of the brain and its choroid plexus: the olfactory bulbs, the telencephalon, the diencephalon, the mesencephalon, the rhombencephalon, and the cerebellum. We also report on the comparative anatomy of the plexus brachialis responsible for the innervation of the forelimbs. It is commonly thought that amphibians have a simplified brain organization, associated with their supposedly limited behavioral complexity and reduced motor skills. We compare frogs with different ecologies that also use their limbs in different contexts and for other functions. Our results show that brain morphology is more complex and more variable than typically assumed. Moreover, variation in brain morphology among species appears related to locomotor behavior as suggested by our quantitative analyses. Thus we propose that brain morphology may be related to the locomotor mode, at least in the frogs included in our analysis.

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“…Among 19 species of Phyllomedusa cytogenetically analysed, only P . tetraploidea is polyploid [15,28-30]. All of the remaining species are diploid with 26 bi-armed chromosomes, with the exception of P .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unlike most hylids carrying one Ag-NOR [15,35-37], Phyllomedusa species, with some exceptions, generally exhibited multiple sites and variability in the number and location of the Ag-NOR sites has been observed [20,28-30,32-34,38]. At least three of the five known species of the P .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytogenetic analysis of Phyllomedusa distincta Lutz, 1950 (2n = 2x = 26), P. tetraploidea Pombal and Haddad, 1992 (2n = 4x = 52), and their natural triploid hybrids (2n = 3x = 39) (Anura, Hylidae, Phyllomedusinae)

et al. 2013

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BackgroundNatural polyploidy has played an important role during the speciation and evolution of vertebrates, including anurans, with more than 55 described cases. The species of the Phyllomedusa burmeisteri group are mostly characterized by having 26 chromosomes, but a karyotype with 52 chromosomes was described in P. tetraploidea. This species was found in sintopy with P. distincta in two localities of São Paulo State (Brazil), where triploid animals also occur, as consequence of natural hybridisation. We analyse the chromosomes of P. distincta, P. tetraploidea, and their triploid hybrids, to enlighten the origin of polyploidy and to obtain some evidence on diploidisation of tetraploid karyotype.ResultsPhyllomedusa distincta was 2n = 2x = 26, whereas P. tetraploidea was 2n = 4x = 52, and the hybrid individuals was 2n = 3x = 39. In meiotic phases, bivalents were observed in the diploid males, whereas both bivalents and tetravalents were observed in the tetraploid males. Univalents, bivalents or trivalents; metaphase II cells carrying variable number of chromosomes; and spermatids were detected in the testis preparations of the triploid males, indicating that the triploids were not completely sterile. In natural and experimental conditions, the triploids cross with the parental species, producing abnormal egg clutches and tadpoles with malformations. The embryos and tadpoles exhibited intraindividual karyotype variability and all of the metaphases contained abnormal constitutions. Multiple NORs, detected by Ag-impregnation and FISH with an rDNA probe, were observed on chromosome 1 in the three karyotypic forms; and, additionally, on chromosome 9 in the diploids, mostly on chromosome 8 in the tetraploids, and on both chromosome 8 and 9 in the triploids. Nevertheless, NOR-bearing chromosome 9 was detected in the tetraploids, and chromosome 9 carried active or inactive NORs in the triploids. C-banding, base-specific fluorochrome stainings with CMA3 and DAPI, FISH with a telomeric probe, and BrdU incorporation in DNA showed nearly equivalent patterns in the karyotypes of P. distincta, P. tetraploidea, and the triploid hybrids.ConclusionsAll the used cytogenetic techniques have provided strong evidence that the process of diploidisation, an essential step for stabilising the selective advantages produced by polyploidisation, is under way in distinct quartets of the tetraploid karyotype.

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Evaluation of the taxonomic status of populations assigned to Phyllomedusa hypochondrialis (Anura, Hylidae, Phyllomedusinae) based on molecular, chromosomal, and morphological approach

Cited by 32 publications

References 43 publications

Intraspecific developmental variation in the life cycle of the Andean Treefrog (Boana riojana): A temporal analysis

Intraspecific developmental variation in the life cycle of the Andean Treefrog (Boana riojana): A temporal analysis

Variation in brain anatomy in frogs and its possible bearing on their locomotor ecology

Cytogenetic analysis of Phyllomedusa distincta Lutz, 1950 (2n = 2x = 26), P. tetraploidea Pombal and Haddad, 1992 (2n = 4x = 52), and their natural triploid hybrids (2n = 3x = 39) (Anura, Hylidae, Phyllomedusinae)

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