“…Currently, β-agonists are detected using a number of methods, including chromatography, immunosorbent assay (Gu, Liu, Song, Kuang, & Xu, 2015) and biosensors (Chen et al, 2016;Özkütük, Uğurağ, Ersöz, & Say, 2016). Chromatographic procedures include liquid chromatography, gas chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) (Sai, Hong, Yunfeng, Huijing, & Yongning, 2012;Yan et al, 2016), ultraperformance liquid chromatography (UPLC) (Gao, Ye, & Li, 2015;Mauro et al, 2014;Wu et al, 2015), liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) (Amelin, Korolev, & Tret'yakov, 2015;Diru et al, 2016) and capillary electrophoresis (Nguyen et al, 2014;Pérez-Silva et al, 2016). While these procedures offer the advantages of high sensitivity and specificity, their usage is limited owing to complex pre-treatment processes and expensive equipment (Yan, Liu, Xu, Kuang, & Xu, 2015).…”