Evaluation of the virulence of some strains of peste-des-petits-ruminants virus (PPRV) in experimentally infected West African dwarf goats

Couacy‐Hymann, Emmanuel; Bodjo, Charles; Danho, T.; Libeau, Geneviève; Diallo, Adama

doi:10.1016/j.tvjl.2005.08.020

Cited by 83 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Morbilliviruses are no exception (10,49,55), and the decreased growth rate of the recombinant virus demonstrated in vitro may affect its ability to spread quickly and may give the host the opportunity to limit and overcome infection by production of a specific adaptive cellular and/or humoral immune response. In analyzing the challenge experiments, it is important to remember that ferrets are outbred, and hence the intrinsic immunological properties of individual ferrets may explain observed variations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Challenge-Protective Vaccine Concept by Modification of the Viral RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase of Canine Distemper Virus

Silin

Lyubomska

Ludlow

et al. 2007

J Virol

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We demonstrate that insertion of the open reading frame of enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) into the coding sequence for the second hinge region of the viral L (large) protein (RNA-dependent RNA polymerase) attenuates a wild-type canine distemper virus. Moreover, we show that single intranasal immunization with this recombinant virus provides significant protection against challenge with the virulent parental virus. Protection against wild-type challenge was gained either after recovery of cellular immunity postimmunization or after development of neutralizing antibodies. Insertion of EGFP seems to result in overattenuation of the virus, while our previous experiments demonstrated that the insertion of an epitope tag into a similar position did not affect L protein function. Thus, a desirable level of attenuation could be reached by manipulating the length of the insert (in the second hinge region of the L protein), providing additional tools for optimization of controlled attenuation. This strategy for controlled attenuation may be useful for a "quick response" in vaccine development against well-known and "new" viral infections and could be combined efficiently with other strategies of vaccine development and delivery systems.Canine distemper virus (CDV) is an enveloped negativestrand RNA virus which, along with measles virus (MV) and rinderpest virus (RPV), belongs to the Morbillivirus genus, a serologically closely related genus of the Paramyxoviridae family of the order Mononegavirales. Morbilliviruses have a significant global impact on both human and animal health, and although CDV primarily infects canines, infections of other terrestrial and aquatic carnivores have been reported (13, 33). Mortality rates due to CDV infection vary among susceptible species (1) and range from 0% for domestic cats (22) to 100% for ferrets (54,56). For domestic dogs, lethality rates are approximately 50% (18), although some outbreaks in African wild dogs led to mortality rates of up to 95% (52).In natural hosts, such as ferrets or dogs, CDV infection can represent a very useful model for the study of general morbillivirus pathogenesis and immunogenesis. These are therefore generally considered to be better models than modified/ adapted MV in rodent model systems, in which systemic infection is severely restricted (27). Because ferrets are exquisitely susceptible to CDV, they also provide a useful means to assess protection after vaccination by subsequent challenge with a wild-type pathogenic virus. Ferrets are popular domestic pets, but current CDV vaccines, which were developed specifically for dogs, are often insufficiently attenuated for ferrets and can cause symptomatic and sometimes fatal infections after administration (56). This could be due to the specific way in which viruses have been attenuated for vaccine preparation. For example, for the common CDV vaccine strain Onderstepoort (CDV OP ), attenuation involved 57 passages of wild-type virus in ferrets, 208 passages in chicken embryos, 62 to 66 passages o...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Challenge-Protective Vaccine Concept by Modification of the Viral RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase of Canine Distemper Virus

Silin

Lyubomska

Ludlow

et al. 2007

J Virol

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“…However, variation in disease severity has also been observed between different species of goats [24,25], and detailed research is required to define this susceptibility and whether the variation extends to specific features such as the duration of viral shedding in infected animals, which will contribute to the dynamics of PPR transmission. If within-species genetic variation in host susceptibility to disease is found, as has been shown for other ruminant pathogens, such as the sheep lentiviruses that cause ovine progressive pneumonia [26], the identification of naturally PPRV-resistant breeds could provide opportunities for selective breeding.…”

Section: Pprv Virology and Epidemiology: Improving Our Fundamental Unmentioning

confidence: 99%

Future research to underpin successful peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) eradication

Baron

Diop

Njeumi

et al. 2017

Journal of General Virology

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Peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) is a significant pathogen of small ruminants and is prevalent in much of Africa, the Near and Middle East and Asia. Despite the availability of an efficacious and cheap live-attenuated vaccine, the virus has continued to spread, with its range stretching from Morocco in the west to China and Mongolia in the east. Some of the world's poorest communities rely on small ruminant farming for subsistence and the continued endemicity of PPRV is a constant threat to their livelihoods. Moreover, PPRV's effects on the world's population are felt broadly across many economic, agricultural and social situations. This far-reaching impact has prompted the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) to develop a global strategy for the eradication of this virus and its disease. PPRV is a morbillivirus and, given the experience of these organizations in eradicating the related rinderpest virus, the eradication of PPRV should be feasible. However, there are many critical areas where basic and applied virological research concerning PPRV is lacking. The purpose of this review is to highlight areas where new research could be performed in order to guide and facilitate the eradication programme. These areas include studies on disease transmission and epidemiology, the existence of wildlife reservoirs and the development of next-generation vaccines and diagnostics. With the support of the international virology community, the successful eradication of PPRV can be achieved.

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“…PPR may manifest in different forms like per acute, acute and a mild depending on the severity of the disease [103]. Further, the severity of disease depends on various factors namely the PPRV virulence/lineage [33], species, breed, immune status of animals, age of the animals, etc. [142].…”

Section: Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosis and control of peste des petits ruminants: a comprehensive review

Balamurugan¹,

Hemadri²,

Gajendragad³

et al. 2013

VirusDis.

135

118

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Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is an acute, highly contagious, world organization for animal health (OIE) notifiable and economically important transboundary viral disease of sheep and goats associated with high morbidity and mortality and caused by PPR virus. PPR is considered as one of the main constraints in augmenting the productivity of small ruminants in developing countries and particularly severely affects poor farmer's economy. The disease is clinically manifested by pyrexia, oculo-nasal discharges, necrotizing and erosive stomatitis, gastroenteritis, diarrhoea and bronchopneumonia. The disease can be diagnosed from its clinical signs, pathological lesions, and specific detection of virus antigen/antibodies/genome in the clinical samples by various serological tests and molecular assays. PPR is the one of the priority animal diseases whose control is considered important for poverty alleviation in enzootic countries. Availability of effective and safe live attenuated cell culture PPR vaccines and diagnostics have boosted the recently launched centrally sponsored control programme in India and also in other countries. This review article primarily focus on the current scenario of PPR diagnosis and its control programme with advancement of research areas that have taken place in the recent years with future perspectives.

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Evaluation of the virulence of some strains of peste-des-petits-ruminants virus (PPRV) in experimentally infected West African dwarf goats

Cited by 83 publications

References 10 publications

Development of a Challenge-Protective Vaccine Concept by Modification of the Viral RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase of Canine Distemper Virus

Development of a Challenge-Protective Vaccine Concept by Modification of the Viral RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase of Canine Distemper Virus

Future research to underpin successful peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) eradication

Diagnosis and control of peste des petits ruminants: a comprehensive review

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