2018
DOI: 10.1175/jamc-d-17-0335.1
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Evaluation of the Wyoming Weather Modification Pilot Project (WWMPP) Using Two Approaches: Traditional Statistics and Ensemble Modeling

Abstract: The Wyoming Weather Modification Pilot Project randomized cloud seeding experiment was a crossover statistical experiment conducted over two mountain ranges in eastern Wyoming and lasted for 6 years (2008–13). The goal of the experiment was to determine if cloud seeding of orographic barriers could increase snowfall and snowpack. The experimental design included triply redundant snow gauges deployed in a target–control configuration, covariate snow gauges to account for precipitation variability, and ground-ba… Show more

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Cited by 28 publications
(18 citation statements)
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“…The impact of seeding was investigated by numerical simulations of four cases from the WWMPP Randomized Seeding Experiment (RSE) [detailed descriptions of this project can be found in Breed et al (2014) and Rasmussen et al (2018)]. During the WWMPP, 154 randomized seeding experiments were performed between 2008 and 2013.…”
Section: B Model Setup and Experimental Unitsmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 2 more Smart Citations
“…The impact of seeding was investigated by numerical simulations of four cases from the WWMPP Randomized Seeding Experiment (RSE) [detailed descriptions of this project can be found in Breed et al (2014) and Rasmussen et al (2018)]. During the WWMPP, 154 randomized seeding experiments were performed between 2008 and 2013.…”
Section: B Model Setup and Experimental Unitsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…During the WWMPP, 154 randomized seeding experiments were performed between 2008 and 2013. Rasmussen et al (2018) described a traditional statistical analysis of the data from this program as well as a modeling evaluation using a large ensemble of WRF simulations with the bulk seeding microphysics scheme in WRF (Xue et al 2013a,b) for 118 quality-controlled 4-h seeding cases [called experimental units (EUs)].…”
Section: B Model Setup and Experimental Unitsmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…A positive effect on the surface precipitation amounts was shown by the double ratio methodology (Pokharel, Geerts, Jing, Friedrich, Ikeda, & Rasmussen, 2017). Although the impacts of cloud seeding on season‐long precipitation values have been estimated in many experiments (Gabriel, 1999; Manton et al., 2011; Rasmussen et al., 2018), there are two remaining issues in the verification of the impacts of seeding on ground precipitation. One is the matter of how to clearly identify the time and location of the seeded cloud in the natural cloud system; the other is the major challenge of accurately detecting increased surface precipitation (Flossmann et al., 2018).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…All of these studies are often challenged by the difficulty in distinguishing between natural and seeded precipitation, nonrepeatability of a controlled experiment in nature, and the detection of a relatively small signal in weather systems exhibiting large natural variability (2). While most studies using a statistical approach remain inconclusive about the amount of precipitation generated by cloud seeding (2), a few overcome the challenges and show statistically significant increases in snowfall (8) or use a computerintensive ensemble technique to evaluate cloud seeding through the use of thousands of model simulations (9). What makes this study unique is that 1) the temporal evolution of a seeded cloud is documented from the time of AgI injection to the time of snowfall on the ground, over the full width of the seeded cloud parcel, and 2) the seeding-induced snowfall is isolated unambiguously from natural precipitation.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%