Evaluation of the yeast-extract signaling pathway leading to silymarin biosynthesis in milk thistle hairy root culture

Abstract

The biosynthesis of silymarin, a potent antihepatotoxic compound, from the dried fruits of Silybum marianum L. Gaertn in hairy root cultures can be stimulated by a yeast extract elicitor. These results correlated with culture time, and the biosynthesis reached a maximum of 0.47 mg g -1 DW by 72 h after culture (2-fold higher than the control). Lipoxygenase activity and linoleic acid content were stimulated by this treatment, suggesting that the jasmonate pathway may mediate the elicitor-induced accumulation of silymarin. The H 2 O 2 content increased 24 h after elicitation and did not have marked changes between 48 and 72 h. In addition, the tocopherol content (especially a-and d-tocopherols) increased 72 h after elicitation in comparison with non-treated cultures. Ascorbate had trace changes during feeding time and was lower than the control. The antioxidant activity was assayed by the 1-1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl stable free radical method and results were calculated base on an IC 50 that increased upon treatment, especially 24 h after treatment, with changes related to H 2 O 2 content. These observations suggested that reactive oxygen species may mediate elicitor signals to the jasmonate pathway that lead to the production of silymarin.

Enhancement of silymarin and phenolic compound accumulation in tissue culture of Milk thistle using elicitor feeding and hairy root cultures

“…Otherwise, SA plays important roles in regulating photosynthesis and accumulation of phenolic acid production [8]. In this respect, in vitro production of silymarin from S. marianum was investigated using different strategies; growth regulators and carbon sources [9], [10], [11], [12], [13], elicitors [14], [15], [16], [17] root and hairy root cultures [18], [19], [20], [21], [22], [23].…”

The effects of elicitation on the expression of key enzyme genes and on production of tropane alkaloids in Anisodus acutangulus plant

“…It is also possible that the elicitation effects might be due to other components, still not being identified (Ertola & Hours 1998). In many species it has been proven to stimulate or decrease different secondary metabolites, such as syringin, valeportriates, podophyllotoxin and silymarin (Kittipongpatana et al 2002;Shams-Ardakani et al 2005;Xu et al 2007;Hasanloo et al 2009). Our current work revealed that YE is a stimulating factor for TA production in A. acutangulus plant, which gradually boosted the contents of hyoscyamine and scopolamine in the root and stem in the range of 96 h treatment, the same as the key genes of TA biosynthesis.…”

“…Lots of experiments have demonstrated that MJ was able to stimulate the production of several compounds in many species (Ignatov et al 1996;Rijhwani & Shaks 1998;Dong & Zhong 2002;Wang & Zhong 2002;Vasconsuelo & Boland 2007). Yeast extract (YE), a kind of polysaccharide, was also been reported to have the ability to regulate increase or decrease different secondary metabolites in many species, such as syringin, valeportriates, podophyllotoxin and silymarin (Kittipongpatana et al 2002;Shams-Ardakani et al 2005;Xu et al 2007;Hasanloo et al 2009). Abscisic acid (ABA), also called resistant inducer element, is a key element which can balance the plant endogenous hormones and is relevant to growth-active substances.…”

Effects of Sequential and Simultaneous Double Elicitation on Aloe-Emodin Production in Cassia Tora Root Cultures

“…The increase of intermediate, precursors and catalytic enzymes involved in jasmonic acid biosynthetic pathways were reportedly observed following yeast extract elicitation (Yaguchi T et al, 2017;Hasanloo T et al, 2009). Thus, chitosan and yeast extract would bi-laterally enhance the aloe-emodin production through the jasmonic acid-signalling pathway and create a new synergistic elicitor duo.…”