Evaluation of titanium implants with surface modification by laser beam: biomechanical study in rabbit tibias

Abstract

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate, using a biomechanical test, the force needed to remove implants with surface modification by laser (Nd:YAG) in comparison with implants with machined surfaces. Twenty-four rabbits received one implant with each surface treatment in the tibia, machined surface (MS) and laser-modified surface (LMS). After 4, 8 and 12 weeks of healing, the removal torque was measured by a torque gauge. The surfaces studied were analyzed according to their topography, chemical composition and roughness. The average removal torque in each period was 23.28, 24.0 and 33.85 Ncm for MS, and 33.0, 39.87 and 54.57 Ncm for LMS, respectively. The difference between the surfaces in all periods of evaluation was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Surface characterization showed that a deep and regular topography was provided by the laser conditioning, with a great quantity of oxygen ions when compared to the MS. The surface micro-topography analysis showed a statistical difference (p < 0.01) between the roughness of the LMS (R a = 1.38 ± 0.23 μm) when compared to that of the MS (R a = 0.33 ± 0.06 μm). Based on these results, it was possible to conclude that the LMS implants' physical-chemical properties increased bone-implant interaction when compared to the MS implants.

Biomechanical, histological and ultrastructural analyses of laser micro‐ and nano‐structured titanium implant after 6 months in rabbit

“…24,25 An increase in removal torque has also been observed for laser treated titanium implants compared with machined implants. [26][27][28][29] For these studies, different modes and strategies of laser treatment were implemented, where either isolated craters were made around the entire implant surface, 28 a honeycomb surface 29 or by making valleys by ablation. 26,27 All these have modified the entire surface, while in this study only the bottom portion of the threads were modified leaving about 60% of the surface as machined.…”

Evaluation of bone ingrowth into porous titanium implant: histomorphometric analysis in rabbits

“…4 Therefore, many efforts to modify the titanium implant surface for improved tissue response have been reported. 19,20,21 The advantage of porous materials is their ability to provide biological anchorage for surrounding bone tissues 18,22 and greater contact area at the implant-bone interface. 4,9 Additionally, the bone-filled porous structure is a composite, an important area of transition between the titanium core and bone.…”

Bioadhesion of Biomaterials

“…The adhesion of cells on biomaterials is an example that describes the importance of surface topography of a substrate surface where the cells are cultured. There are various studies aimed to evaluate the relationship between surface topography and cell adhesion (Katsikogianni et al 2008;Faeda et al 2009;Ho-Nam et al 2009;Ansalme et al 2011;Galasso et al 2011;Crawford et al 2012;Huang et al 2014). The studies of cell-substratum interactions are often complicated by the presence of different types of surface pattern.…”

“…Research on Three-dimensional surface images of the nonprecious alloy (nickel-chrome based alloy), that were taken after different surface treatments (Faeda et al 2009), revealed that the airborne-particle abrasion group was irregular, while the 1000 SiC abrasive paper group showed a relatively regular surface topography. Titanium surface topography research reports that hierarchically structured titanium surface topography with topography-induced inherent antibacterial capability and excellent osteogenic activity had been constructed.…”