Evaluation of topical nalbuphine or oral tramadol as analgesics for corneal pain in dogs: a pilot study

Clark, Jason S.; Bentley, Ellison; Smith, Lesley

doi:10.1111/j.1463-5224.2011.00883.x

Cited by 32 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…For all treatment protocols, this initial increase in corneal sensitivity was followed by a steady decrease (Table 1).The magnitude and significance of the initial increase and subsequent decrease is different between drugs, but this trend is consistently observed for each specific antiinflammatory drug evaluated.The control of corneal pain has limited options, as topical sodium channel blockers, such as proparacaine and tetracaine, are not acceptable due to their limited duration of activity and epitheliotoxic effects (Grant and Acosta, 1994;Herring et al, 2005;Venturi et al, 2016). Topical morphine has been shown to provide acceptable analgesia without a delay of corneal epithelialization (Peyman et al, 1994;Stiles et al, 2003;Clark et al, 2011); however, the corneal analgesic effectiveness in dogs has recently come into question (Thomson et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of topical flurbiprofen sodium, diclofenac sodium, ketorolac tromethamine and benzalkonium chloride on corneal sensitivity in normal dogs

Cantarella¹,

Oliveira²,

Dorbandt³

et al. 2017

Open Vet J.

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To evaluate corneal sensitivity by using the Cochet-Bonnet® esthesiometer in normal canine eyes at different time points following instillation of three different topical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (flurbiprofen sodium 0.03%, diclofenac sodium 0.1% and ketorolac tromethamine 0.5%) and benzalkonium chloride 0.01%. Six healthy mixed breed dogs from the same litter were used in two different stages. First, one drop of flurbiprofen sodium 0.03% and diclofenac sodium 0.1% in each eye; second, one drop of ketorolac tromethamine 0.5% and benzalkonium chloride 0.01% in each eye. Baseline esthesiometry was obtained before eye drop application and every 15 minutes thereafter until a total of 105 minutes of evaluation time. A one-week interval was allowed between the two treatment phases. Statistical analysis was used to compare means according to time of evaluation and drug used. Diclofenac sodium 0.1% decreased corneal sensitivity at 75 and 90 minutes (P > 0.015) with possible interference on neuronal nociceptive activity and analgesic effect while ketorolac tromethamine 0.5% did not show any variation for esthesiometry means along the evaluation. Flurbiprofen sodium 0.03% resulted in increased esthesiometry values 30 minutes after instillation (P > 0.013), increasing corneal sensitivity and possibly producing a greater irritant corneal effect over its analgesic properties. Benzalkonium chloride 0.01% significantly increased corneal sensitivity at 15 minutes of evaluation (P > 0.001), most likely resulting from its irritating effect. Esthesiometry did not allow a definite conclusion over the analgesic effect of the NSAIDs tested; however it was effective in detecting fluctuations in corneal sensitivity.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of topical flurbiprofen sodium, diclofenac sodium, ketorolac tromethamine and benzalkonium chloride on corneal sensitivity in normal dogs

Cantarella¹,

Oliveira²,

Dorbandt³

et al. 2017

Open Vet J.

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“…The ocular pain of all dogs was assessed using a subjective pain scoring system (a modified University of Melbourne Pain Scale) according to a previous study [3] (Table 2). Categories for scoring of pian included comfort, blepharospasm, unprovoked behavior and interactive behaviors.…”

Section: Scoring Of Pain and Examinationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The measurement of the degree of blepharospasm was compared with that of the other eye in the same dog. The scales used for assessing eye blink frequency and the extent of blepharospasm were based on the scale of eyelid opening and modified from previous studies [3,15,20]. The signs of ocular pain were identified by the degree of blepharospasm (the number of incomplete blinks per min) and the frequency of eyelid blinking (the number of complete blinks per min).…”

Section: Scoring Of Pain and Examinationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Topical Administration of 0.8% Nalbuphine on the Cornea in Dogs after Phacoemulsification

Lee

Lin

Chi

et al. 2013

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. It is suggested that topical application of opioids may provide localized analgesia without delay in corneal wound healing. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of topical application of 0.8% nalbuphine on post-operative ocular pain in dogs. Twelve eyes from 11 dogs undergoing phacoemulsification cataract surgery were divided into a nalbuphine group (n=6) and saline group (n=6). Postoperatively, the nalbuphine group received 0.1 ml of topical 0.8% alkalinized nalbuphine (pH 5.6) every 8 hr, and the saline group received 0.1 ml of topical saline (pH 5.9) as a placebo. All dogs received systemic postoperative pain managements with oral tramadol (4 mg/kg) and prednisolone (0.5 mg/kg) every 8 hr. All dogs received pre-and post-ophthalmic examinations. Pain was scored in the dogs using a pain scoring system modified from the University of Melbourne pain scale at 15, 30 and 60 min following the topical treatment on days 1 and 2 (24 and 48 hr after surgery). Eye blink frequency and corneal touch threshold (CTT) were recorded at the same time. There was no statistical difference in the pain score between groups. Significant decreases in CTT, blepharospasm and eye blink frequency were observed after the topical nalbuphine treatment. This indicated that topical application of 0.8% nalbuphine solution can produce a rapid reduction of corneal discomfort in dogs.

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“…This technique of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is used for the treatment or prevention of several diseases (HABACHER et al, 2006). Several studies have been carried out to demonstrate the beneficial effects of AP CLARK, 2011;JOAQUIM et al, 2008JOAQUIM et al, , 2010LUNA, 2000;TAYLOR, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of aquapuncture on postoperative analgesia after ovariohysterectomy in dogs

Luna¹,

Kelawala²,

Lima³

et al. 2015

Sem. Ci. Agr.

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Aquapuncture (AqP) consists of a water or saline solution injection into acupoints. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of aquapuncture on post-operative analgesia in bitches submitted to elective ovariohysterectomy (OHE). The study was prospective, randomised, and blinded for pain assessment. Sixteen dogs were randomly distributed in two groups of eight animals each. All animals were sedated with 0.05 mg kg -1 of acepromazine intramuscularly (IM), 30 minutes prior to induction of anaesthesia with propofol and maintenance with isoflurane. Eight animals underwent bilateral acupoint injection with 0.1 ml of 0.9% saline (AqP) at Gall Bladder 34, Stomach 36, Liver 3 and Spleen 6 acupoints 15 minutes after sedation. Pain score was investigated after 0.5, 1, 2, 5, 8 and 24 hours post-operatively and was compared with a control untreated group of eight animals. Morphine, at 0.5 mg kg -1 IM, was administered when the numerical rating scale was above 33% of the maximum value, in order to control post-operative pain in both groups. There were no differences in cardiorespiratory variables and pain and sedation scores between the groups. Seven (87.5%) animals from the control group required rescue analgesia at the first two postoperative hours and five (62.5%) animals treated with AqP required rescue analgesia, however, only one (12.5%) animal was treated at the first two hours and the remaining animals were treated from 5 hours after surgery. Aquapuncture produced residual analgesia up to 5 h after surgery and may be an option for post-operative analgesia in bitches undergoing OHE, providing that pain is assessed and rescue analgesia administered if necessary. Key words: Acupuncture, pain, surgery, morphine ResumoA aquapuntura (AqP) é uma técnica que consiste na injeção de solução fisiológica ou água destilada em pontos de acupuntura. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito da AqP na analgesia pós- operatória em cadelas submetidas à ovariohisterectomia eletiva (OHE). O estudo foi prospectivo, aleatório e "cego" para avaliação da dor. Dezesseis cadelas foram distribuídas aleatoriamente em dois grupos de oito animais cada. Todos os animais foram sedados com 0.05 mg kg -1 de acepromazina por via intramuscular (IM), 30 minutos antes da indução à anestesia com propofol e manutenção com isoflurano. Oito animais foram submetidos à injeção bilateral com 0,1 mL de solução salina 0,9% (AqP) nos acupontos Vesícula Biliar 34, Estômago 36, Fígado 3 e Baço 6, 15 minutos após a sedação. A dor foi avaliada 0,5, 1, 2, 5, 8 e 24 horas após a cirurgia e comparada com um grupo controle não tratado, de oito animais. O resgaste analgésico foi realizado com 0,5 mg kg -1 de morfina IM quando o escore de dor foi superior a 33% do valor máximo em ambos os grupos. Não houve diferenças nas variáveis cardiorrespiratórias e escores de dor e de sedação entre os grupos. Sete (87,5%) animais do grupo controle necessitaram analgesia de resgate nas duas primeiras horas de pós-operatório e cinco (62,5%) animais tratados com AqP necessitar...

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Evaluation of topical nalbuphine or oral tramadol as analgesics for corneal pain in dogs: a pilot study

Cited by 32 publications

References 42 publications

Effects of topical flurbiprofen sodium, diclofenac sodium, ketorolac tromethamine and benzalkonium chloride on corneal sensitivity in normal dogs

Effects of topical flurbiprofen sodium, diclofenac sodium, ketorolac tromethamine and benzalkonium chloride on corneal sensitivity in normal dogs

Effect of Topical Administration of 0.8% Nalbuphine on the Cornea in Dogs after Phacoemulsification

Effect of aquapuncture on postoperative analgesia after ovariohysterectomy in dogs

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