Evaluation of Toxicological Profile of Ibuprofen in Wistar Albino Rats

Abstract

Ibuprofen is an effective, cheap, and frequently used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. The present study investigated the dose-and time-dependent effects of ibuprofen on hepatic, renal, and hematological functions in rats. Groups of rats (n=6) were given ibuprofen (20, 40 mgkg -1 day -1 ) for 7, 14 or 28 days; or vehicle (control), orally. Blood samples were obtained, and hematological indices and biochemical markers of hepatic and renal functions were measured. Ibuprofen significantly increased, P < 0.001 serum alkaline phosphatase level at all doses and durations of exposure. Serum uric acid level was dose-and time-dependently decreased by ibuprofen, but alanine transaminase was increased, P < 0.05 by ibuprofen, only at 40 mgkg -1 and following subchronic (28 days) exposure. In addition, at 40 mgkg -1 , ibuprofen increased creatinine and urea levels at all durations of exposure; but at 20 mgkg -1 , creatinine and urea were increased only in rats that were exposed for 28 days. Furthermore, subchronic exposure of 40 mgkg -1 ibuprofen increased, P < 0.01 WBC count, but it caused no significant effect on WBC at the lower durations of exposure and dose. Also, while RBC and hematocrit were not affected, ibuprofen significantly, P < 0.01,P < 0.001 decreased platelet counts in all treated rats except those that were exposed for 7 days. The implication of this research is that chronic use of ibuprofen could affect hepatic, renal and hematological functions in the rat; and duration of exposure may promote ibuprofen toxicity relative to dose.

Adverse Effects of Subchronic Dose of Aspirin on Reproductive Profile of Male Rats

“…Adverse effects following aspirin administration in normal rats might be an outcome of NSAIDs induced inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis which leads to renal vasoconstriction and decreased renal perfusion which is responsible for acute renal abnormalities [ 28 – 30 ]. Aspirin-induced liver toxicity is obvious, as liver is the major target organ for drug metabolism and hepatic biotransformation reactions are known to induce apoptosis of hepatocytes [ 31 ]. Furthermore, aspirin-induced liver toxicity could be an outcome of idiosyncratic metabolic reaction due to aberrant metabolism of the drug where accumulation of toxic metabolites in hepatocytes binds to cell proteins and leads to abnormalities [ 30 , 31 ].…”

“…Aspirin-induced liver toxicity is obvious, as liver is the major target organ for drug metabolism and hepatic biotransformation reactions are known to induce apoptosis of hepatocytes [ 31 ]. Furthermore, aspirin-induced liver toxicity could be an outcome of idiosyncratic metabolic reaction due to aberrant metabolism of the drug where accumulation of toxic metabolites in hepatocytes binds to cell proteins and leads to abnormalities [ 30 , 31 ]. Observations made on total protein levels are in accordance with this fact.…”

“…Observations made on total protein levels are in accordance with this fact. The alterations in the level of serum proteins might be an outcome of both hepatic and renal damage, where it causes alteration in a number of enzymes and could also disturb protein synthesis in hepatocytes [ 31 ]. Moreover, decreased serum protein levels could be attributed to a reduced hepatic DNA and RNA synthesis which in turn hampered utilization of free amino acids for protein synthesis [ 32 , 33 ].…”

The protective effect of Coriandrum sativum L. oil against liver toxicity induced by Ibuprofen in rats.

“…These findings are in agreement with the previous studies done by Garba et al (2012) in which plasma ASTand ALT activities showed significant increasein the ibuprofen (100mg/kg) treated rats.The reduction in transaminases may be due to tissue damage, alterations of the permeability of cell membrane (Farage et al, 2010). Aprioku et al (2014) studied the effects of ibuprofen (20 and 40 mg/kg) on hepatic, renal, and hematological indices in relation to dose and duration of exposure. They reported that the elevation in serum levels of alanine transaminase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) by ibuprofen in their study was indicative of cellular injury to the liver.…”

Eucalyptus Globulus protects against diclofenac sodium induced hepatorenal and testicular toxicity in male rats

“… 3 Diclofenac acts on decreasing the prostaglandin synthesis through inhibition of cyclooxygenase enzymes and diminishing the apoptosis. 4 , 5 Diclofenac induces hepatotoxicity and renal toxicity as a side effect. 2 , 6 It is known that anti-inflammatory drugs badly affect reproduction.…”