Evaluation of tumour promoting potency of fish borne toxaphene residues, as compared to technical toxaphene and UV-irradiated toxaphene

Besselink, Harrie; Nixon, Eugene R.; McHugh, Brendan; Rimkus, Gerhard; Klungsøyr, Jarle; Leonards, P.E.G.; Boer, de J.; Brouwer, Abraham

doi:10.1016/j.fct.2008.04.039

Cited by 6 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…The extra safety factor of 10 for toxaphene was supported by the observed variation in toxaphene patterns between the technical toxaphene mixture and the patterns found in the environment, and because most toxicity studies have been performed with technical toxaphene. Toxicological studies were carried out by Besselink et al (2008) on 3 toxaphene mixtures including technical toxaphene (TT), UV‐irradiated toxaphene (UVT), and toxaphene residues extracted from cod liver (CLE). As a result of the additional information from these experiments, the extra safety factor of 10 is considered no longer necessary.…”

Section: Estimation Of a Tolerable Daily Intake (Tdi) For Toxaphene Fmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With respect to the calculation of a MATT pTDI from the in vivo toxicity studies of the Besselink et al study (2008), the cod liver experiment is preferred for the calculation of the MATT pTDI because this extract mimics the toxaphene pattern found in fish and therefore provides a more realistic human exposure situation. We note that the cod liver extract (CLE) showed a weathered toxaphene pattern, however: the residue samples were less altered than expected based on residues typically found in marine fish.…”

Section: Estimation Of a Tolerable Daily Intake (Tdi) For Toxaphene Fmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consequently, a proper risk assessment of toxaphene for the consumer of marine foodstuffs could not be conducted previously. In the European project, Investigation into the Monitoring, Analysis and Toxicity of Toxaphene in Marine Foodstuffs (MATT), new information on the monitoring, analysis, toxicology, and risks of toxaphene was obtained (McHugh et al 2004; Besselink et al 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The study of Buranatrevedh (2004) showed that toxaphene might have a carcinogenic risk for humans based on a 4‐step risk assessment, however, this risk assessment used data from toxicity studies using technical toxaphene. Besselink et al (2008) developed new toxicology data using a more realistic exposure of test animals to degraded toxaphene. The toxicology test mimics the weathered toxaphene pattern found in fish and should provide a more realistic model of the human exposure situation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The daily intake of toxaphene was estimated from 1) the baseline levels of toxaphene in fish and shellfish (McHugh et al 2004), and 2) the daily consumption of fishery products for the consumers of Germany, Ireland, Norway, and the Netherlands. The daily consumer intake of toxaphene was compared with TDIs set by Canada, the United States, and Germany, and the provisional MATT TDI calculated in our study based on a new tumor promotion potency study (Besselink et al 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Toxicological risks to humans of toxaphene residues in fish

Leonards¹,

Besselink²,

Klungsøyr³

et al. 2012

Integr Envir Assess & Manag

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Acc e p ted P r e p r i nt ABSTRACT A revised risk assessment for toxaphene was developed, based on the assumption that fish consumers are only exposed to toxaphene residues that differ substantially from technical toxaphene due to environmental degradation and metabolism. In vitro studies confirmed that both technical toxaphene and degraded toxaphene inhibit gap junctional intercellular communication that correlates with the mechanistic potential to cause tumour promotion. In vivo rat studies established the NOAEL for degraded and technical toxaphene at the highest dose tested in the bioassay. Toxaphene residue intakes from European fishery products were estimated and compared to the provisional tolerable daily intakes (TDIs) from various regulatory agencies including Canada, the United States, Germany.The estimated intake was also compared to a new calculated provisional MATT pTDI. The MATT pTDI is based upon new toxicological information (in vivo rat studies) developed on a model for environmental toxaphene residues rather than technical toxaphene. A MATT pTDI (1.08 mg total toxaphene for a person of 60 kg) for tumour promotion potency was adopted for use in Europe and is hitherto referred to as the MATT pTDI. These new data result in a better estimate of safety and a higher TDI than previously used. Based on realistic fish consumption data and recent baseline concentration data of toxaphene in European fishery products the toxaphene intake for the consumers of Germany, Ireland, Norway and The Netherlands was estimated. For an average adult fish consumer the average daily intake of toxaphene was estimated to be 1.2 g, and 0.4, 0.5, and 0.2 g for the consumers of Norway, Germany, Ireland, and The Netherlands, respectively. The toxaphene intake of these average fish consumers was far below the MATT pTDI of 1.08 mg/60 kg body weight. In conclusion, based on the most relevant toxicological studies and the most realistic estimates of fish consumption and recent concentrations of toxaphene in European fishery products, adverse health effects are unlikely for the average European consumer of fishery products. In no case is the MATT pTDI exceeded.

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Section: Estimation Of a Tolerable Daily Intake (Tdi) For Toxaphene Fmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Estimation Of a Tolerable Daily Intake (Tdi) For Toxaphene Fmentioning

confidence: 99%