Evaluation of two multidimensional discrimination diagrams from beach and deep-sea sediments from the Gulf of Mexico and their application to Precambrian clastic sedimentary rocks

Armstrong‐Altrin, John S.

doi:10.1080/00206814.2014.936055

Cited by 142 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…They introduced two sets of diagrams, optimised for either low-silica (35-63 % SiO2) or high-silica rocks (63-95 % SiO2). Both sets were successfully tested on Neogene-Quaternary as well as Precambrian sediments (success rates of 75-100 %) (Verma and Armstrong-Altrin 2013;Armstrong-Altrin 2015). Three different tectonic settings were considered: Continental and ocean island arcs ('Arc'-field), continental collision ('Col'-field) and continental rifting leading to the development of passive margins and intracratonic basins ('Rift'-field) (Fig.…”

Section: Tectonic Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Petrography and geochemistry of Palaeozoic quartz-rich sandstones from Saudi Arabia: implications for provenance and chemostratigraphy

2016

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The Arabian Peninsula hosts a thick Palaeozoic succession, ranging from the Cambrian through the Permian. It not only contains deposits of the two major Palaeozoic glaciations but also holds both the major Palaeozoic hydrocarbon source and reservoir rocks. In addition, Palaeozoic sandstones serve as important aquifers. The succession is dominated by highly mature quartz arenites, as seen in thin sections. It is starved of fossils and very uniform in lithology. In order to better understand provenance, tectonic setting and stratigraphic relationships, the petrography as well as major and trace element geochemistry of sandstones were studied. Samples were taken from two study areas in southern (Wajid area) as well as central and northern (Tabuk area) Saudi Arabia. The dataset we present here is the first comprehensive study to cover the entire Palaeozoic succession in both the southern and northern part of the Arabian Peninsula. The collisional signal from some samples is a relic from the last stages of the amalgamation of Gondwana, carried into the basin by glaciogenic sediments. Major and trace element geochemistry indicate the Neoproterozoic basement of the nearby Arabian Shield as the most likely source for the detritus. Tectonic discrimination diagrams suggest that deposition of sandstones took place in an intracratonic setting, which is in accordance with the established model for the evolution of the Arabian Plate. An influx of fresh material, probably sourced from the Shield, did occur in the late Palaeozoic units of the Wajid area but did not reach the Tabuk area. Geochemical methods have shown some success in characterising the provenance of both study areas but were unable to reliably assess sedimentary recycling. A (meta-)sedimentary source for the Palaeozoic sandstones could therefore neither be proven nor refuted. Multivariate cluster and principal component analysis of geochemical data revealed significant differences between the two study areas.2

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Section: Tectonic Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Petrography and geochemistry of Palaeozoic quartz-rich sandstones from Saudi Arabia: implications for provenance and chemostratigraphy

2016

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“…Weathering intensity of the source area can be quantified through indices such as chemical index of alteration (CIA = molar[Al 2 O 3 /(Al 2 O 3 + CaO* + Na 2 O + K 2 O)] * 100; Nesbitt & Young, ), plagioclase index of alteration (PIA = molar [(Al 2 O 3 − K 2 O)/(Al 2 O 3 + CaO* + Na 2 O − K 2 O)] * 100; Fedo, Nesbitt, & Young, ), and chemical index of weathering (CIW = molar[Al 2 O 3 /(Al 2 O 3 + CaO* + Na 2 O)] * 100; Cullers, ). The above indices are widely applied in various studies (Armstrong‐Altrin, ; Lee, ; Sun et al, ). Chemical weathering strongly influences the mineralogy and chemical compositions of the sediments by removing labile cations such as Ca 2+ , Na + , and K + relative to residual constituents (Al 3+ and Ti 4+ ) through the conversion of feldspar to clay minerals (Nesbitt & Young, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The identification diagrams according to major elements were put forward by Bhatia () and Roser and Korsch (), which had been widely applied to discriminate the tectonic setting of the sedimentary basin. However, these traditional identification diagrams have been used with caution in recent years (Armstrong‐Altrin & Verma, ; Moradi et al, ; Zaid, ) due to their low percentage success rate for tectonic setting identified (Armstrong‐Altrin, ; Armstrong‐Altrin & Verma, ; Verma & Armstrong‐Altrin, , ). Recently, two multimajor elements discriminate plots according to the Cenozoic deposits were put forward by Verma and Armstrong‐Altrin () to identify their tectonic setting.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Provenance and tectonic setting of the Quemoco sandstones in the North Qiangtang Basin, North Tibet: Evidence from geochemistry and detrital zircon geochronology

Wang

et al. 2017

Geological Journal

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The geochemistry and detrital zircon geochronology of the Quemoco sandstones from the Woruo Mountain area, North Qiangtang Basin, are analysed to discriminate their provenance and tectonic setting. The sandstones were classified as litharenite according to their geochemical data. The index of chemical variability and SiO2/Al2O3 ratio values suggest that the compositional maturity and recycling are weak to moderate. The weathering indices, such as chemical index of alteration, plagioclase index of alteration, and chemical index of weathering, and A–CN–K (Al2O3–(CaO* + Na2O)–K2O) ternary plot reflect that the source areas have undergone a weak degree of weathering. The TiO2 versus Zr, La/Th versus Hf, and Co/Th versus La/Sc bivariate diagrams and multimajor elements discrimination diagram of Quemoco sandstones indicate that the provenances were primarily derived from felsic igneous rocks and may also have less intermediate igneous source rocks. The paleocurrent data and low composition and textural maturity of the Quemoco sandstones suggested that the provenances are mainly from the southwest of the study area and with proximal source features. The U–Pb ages studied here could be divided into 8 groups: 206–219 Ma, 268–283 Ma, 446–630 Ma, 700–970 Ma, 1006–1346 Ma, 1457–1843 Ma, 2087–2214 Ma, and 2331–2587 Ma. The provenances are mainly from the Central Uplift Belt and surrounding of the study area according to the detrital zircon ages and rare earth element parameters, which are composed of Late Triassic tuff, Permian basalt, Early Ordovician granite, Cambrian granite gneiss, and Precambrian crystalline basement. Two multidimensional tectonic discrimination diagrams based on major elements show a complicated tectonic setting composed of a collision, rift, and minor arc setting for the Quemoco sandstones, which is consistent with the nature of a rifted margin during the late Late Triassic.

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“…In general, stronger chemical weathering promotes the dissolution of Na, Mg, Ca and K from source rocks, whereas Al in source rocks is resistant to weathering (Nesbitt and Young, ). Thus, higher CIA values indicate increased chemical weathering intensity on the source rock (Armstrong‐Altrin, ; Armstrong‐Altrin et al ., ; Armstrong‐Altrin and Machain‐Castillo, ). For example, unweathered igneous rocks have CIA values close to 50%, Phanerozoic shales have CIA values from 70 to 75%, and residual clays (kaolinite, chlorite, and gibbsite) have CIA values close to 100% (Nesbitt and Young, , ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flooding history of Lake Nakaumi, western Japan, inferred from sediment records spanning the past 700 years

Ota

Kawahata

Sato

et al. 2017

J Quaternary Science

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Management of flood risk can benefit from a knowledge‐based approach to flooding history. However, the data on such events are often insufficient for an objective evaluation of flooding characteristics such as their intensity. Therefore, we analyzed a 14C‐dated sediment core recovered from near the Iinashi River mouth in Lake Nakaumi, western Japan, and reconstructed flooding records over the past 700 years from rock magnetism, grain‐size distribution and sediment geochemistry. The sediment core contained three black layers, characterized by high magnetic susceptibility, low anhysteretic remanent magnetization to saturation isothermal remanent magnetization ratio, high total organic carbon (TOC) to total nitrogen ratio, and coarse mean grain size, which we identified as possible flooding event deposits. Moreover, the chemical index of alteration was low and the TOC to total sulfur ratio was high in these layers, indicating intensified erosion associated with more freshwater inflow due to the flood events. We tentatively correlated the three event deposits with historical floods along the Iinashi River in AD 1596, 1666 and 1826. The variations in rock magnetic and geochemical properties suggest that the flooding in AD 1666 may have been the least extreme of the events detected in the core.

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Evaluation of two multidimensional discrimination diagrams from beach and deep-sea sediments from the Gulf of Mexico and their application to Precambrian clastic sedimentary rocks

Cited by 142 publications

References 51 publications

Petrography and geochemistry of Palaeozoic quartz-rich sandstones from Saudi Arabia: implications for provenance and chemostratigraphy

Petrography and geochemistry of Palaeozoic quartz-rich sandstones from Saudi Arabia: implications for provenance and chemostratigraphy

Provenance and tectonic setting of the Quemoco sandstones in the North Qiangtang Basin, North Tibet: Evidence from geochemistry and detrital zircon geochronology

Flooding history of Lake Nakaumi, western Japan, inferred from sediment records spanning the past 700 years

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