Evaluation of two types of bioflocs derived from biological treatment of fish effluent as feed ingredients for Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei

Kuhn, David D.; Lawrence, Addison L.; Boardman, Gregory D.; Patnaik, Susmita; Marsh, Lori S.; Flick, George J.

doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2010.03.001

Cited by 176 publications

(126 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…However, Kuhn et al (2009) replacing soybean meal and fish meal in L. vannamei feed with bioflocs produced with tilapia farming effluents. Kuhn et al (2010) worked with dietary inclusions of bioflocs between 10 and 30% in diets for juvenile L. vannamei and achieved a higher shrimp growth rate between 1.44 and 1.66 g/week when the animals were fed diets containing bioflocs compared with those without it. Ju et al (2008) produced several laboratory diets for L. vannamei juveniles containing bioflocs (intact or in powder) and found that shrimp fed diets containing 20% of the intact biofloc for eight weeks reached the highest growth rates, even when compared with a commercial control.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Aquaculture wastewater has been applied for irrigation of agricultural crops (McIntosh and Fitzsimmons, 2003;Miranda et al, 2008), fertilization of halophytes (Brown and Glenn, 1999), and production of microbial flocs (also known as bioflocs) used as a dietary food source (Kuhn and Boardman, 2008;Kuhn et al, 2009Kuhn et al, , 2010. These and other studies have reported that microbial flocs can serve as a nutrient source for marine shrimp and other farmed species (Burford et al, 2004;Ju et al, 2008;Azim and Little, 2008;Crab et al, 2010;Bauer et al, 2012;Hende et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In these biological wastewater treatment systems, nutrient levels in microbial flocs were high. Kuhn et al (2009Kuhn et al ( , 2010 reported that the crude protein content exceeded 380 g/kg (dry matter basis), successfully replacing fish meal and soybean protein in diets for the white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. If the production of bioflocs can be carried out artificially using wastewater from aquaculture operations, it can be converted into dry biomass to serve as a potential source of protein in shrimp diets, reducing the pressure that effluent discharge R. Bras.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Kuhn et al (2009Kuhn et al ( , 2010) generated bioflocs with effluents from an inland tilapia farm using a sequencing batch reactor with carbon supplementation and with a membrane biological reactor without carbon supplementation. In these biological wastewater treatment systems, nutrient levels in microbial flocs were high.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bioavailability of crude protein and lipid from biofloc meals produced in an activated sludge system for white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei

2015

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-The present study compared the bioavailability of crude protein and lipid from biofloc meals generated with an activated sludge system using two water sources: wastewater from shrimp experimental culture (BFL-W) and, artificially, using clean seawater (BFL-C). The sludge system operated by chemical and organic fertilization three times per week. Sampling of bioflocs occurred every two days during 81 days. To evaluate digestibility, each type of biofloc meal was incorporated into a reference diet (REF) at 300 g/kg. Another diet acted as a negative control (NEG) by using fish waste meal. The apparent digestibility of bioflocs was estimated by the indirect method using chromic oxide (Cr 2 O 3 ) as the inert marker at 10 g/kg of the diet. Juvenile L. vannamei of 5.09±0.79 g (n = 440) were stocked at 10 shrimp/tank in 44 tanks of 61 L each that operated under a water recirculating regime. Biofloc meals contained a high ash content (591.0-649.2 g/kg) combined with a low crude protein content (95.9-137.3 g/kg). After 26 days, shrimp achieved a final survival of 93.2±0.8% and a biomass gain of 37.1±1.8 g/tank. Final shrimp body weight ranged from 9.01±0.15 to 9.45±0.13 g. The apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC) of crude protein in the biofloc produced from BFL-W, BFL-C and fish waste meal (NEG) reached 26.0, 25.7, and 64.1%, respectively. Similarly, the lipid ADC was 78.9, 67.9, and 85.8%, respectively. This study indicated that biofloc meals had a low protein availability for L. vannamei. However, although low levels of lipid were present, it proved to be available for the species. The dietary inclusion of biofloc meal appears to have a growth-promoting effect on shrimp, which may be associated with trace minerals, or other nutrients not identified in this study.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bioavailability of crude protein and lipid from biofloc meals produced in an activated sludge system for white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei

2015

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“…Collected in tanks/ponds [46,62] or produced in bioreactors [17,39,67] biofloc (Fig 8) is a raw material to produce "biofloc meal". In bioreactors, biofloc production can clean up effluent waters from aquaculture facilities, converting dissolved nutrients into single-cell protein [78]. Usually, two types of bioreactors have been employed: sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) and membrane batch reactors (MBRs), both controlling ammonia, nitrite and suspended solids with great efficacy (for review of bioreactors and its employ, see Kuhn et al 2012).…”

Section: Microbial Biomass Application In Animal Food Industrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Biofloc Technology (BFT): A Review for Aquaculture Application and Animal Food Industry

Emerenciano¹,

Gaxiola²,

Cuzon³

2013

Biomass Now - Cultivation and Utilization

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141

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The potential impact of aquaculture on the genetic diversity and conservation of wild fish in sub‐Saharan Africa

Sanda,

Metcalfe,

Mable

2024

Aquatic Conservation

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An increasing focus on aquaculture using introduced strains or species poses a serious threat to native wild species in sub‐Saharan Africa, yet almost no policies have been enacted or regulations put in place to address this environmental challenge. Aquaculture in these regions has traditionally been conducted on a relatively small scale but is currently expanding rapidly and is projected to continue increasing in the coming decades, with increasing use of genetically improved strains. This expansion is occurring in a region known for its high biodiversity, creating challenges for increasing fish production without damaging wild fish populations. However, few studies have yet assessed the impacts of changes in aquaculture practice on the genetic composition and diversity of wild populations. The use of non‐native improved strains for aquaculture could cause competition, gene introgression when there is interbreeding with native populations or species, displacement of species and possible extinction of the native wild populations. After providing historical context on African aquaculture, this review describes the current methods of fish breeding and genetic improvement programmes for the main species of cultured fishes, focusing on the potential conservation impacts of the use of introduced (and selectively bred) farmed species. Existing aquaculture policies, legislation and regulations regarding the import and farming of fish are then compared across the main fish‐producing countries. We recommend a regional policy framework considering fish introduction, risk analysis and risk management, human resources development and genetic monitoring that could be drafted into the existing policies to strengthen conservation efforts. We conclude by making recommendations for refining existing regulations and for future research aimed at minimizing the impacts of aquaculture on wild fish populations in sub‐Saharan Africa. Aquaculture in this region needs implementation of responsible guidelines to avoid genetic impacts on native populations of high conservation value.

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Evaluation of two types of bioflocs derived from biological treatment of fish effluent as feed ingredients for Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei

Cited by 176 publications

References 16 publications

Bioavailability of crude protein and lipid from biofloc meals produced in an activated sludge system for white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei

Bioavailability of crude protein and lipid from biofloc meals produced in an activated sludge system for white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei

Biofloc Technology (BFT): A Review for Aquaculture Application and Animal Food Industry

The potential impact of aquaculture on the genetic diversity and conservation of wild fish in sub‐Saharan Africa

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