Evaluation of Urinary Big Endothelin-1 in Feline Spontaneous CKD

Abstract

The endothelin-1 (ET-1) system has been implicated in the development and progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). No information on big ET-1 in feline urine is available. The purpose of this study was to evaluate if urinary big endothelin-1 (bigET-1) is associated with feline CKD. Sixty urine samples were prospectively collected from 13 healthy cats at risk of developing CKD and 22 cats with CKD of different International Renal Interest Society (IRIS) stages (1–4). Urinary bigET-1 was measured using a commercially available ELISA. BigET-1 normalized to urine creatinine (bigET-1:UC) was compared amongst stages and substages, as proposed by IRIS, and correlated with serum creatinine concentration, proteinuria and blood pressure. BigET-1:UC at the time of inclusion was compared between cats that remained stable and cats that progressed after 12 months. BigET-1:UC was significantly higher (p = 0.002) in cats at IRIS stages 3–4 (median: 21.9; range: 1.88–55.6), compared to all other stages, and in proteinuric (n = 8, median: 11.0; range: 0.00–46.4) compared with nonproteinuric cats (n = 38 median: 0.33; range: 0.00–55.6) (p = 0.029). BigET-1:UC was not associated with CKD progression. Urinary bigET-1 increased in advanced stages of CKD and in proteinuric patients, suggesting that ET-1 may be indicative of the severity of feline CKD.

Lactiplantibacillus plantarum P9 improved gut microbial metabolites and alleviated inflammatory response in pesticide exposure cohorts

“…ET and MCP-1 are two types of immune factors closely related to kidney disease that are highly expressed in many kinds of nephropathy and can cause different degrees of damage to the affected kidney in a variety of ways. Therefore, ET and MCP-1 have important significance as clinical diagnostic indicators of kidney disease ( Ciarambino et al., 2021 ; Giraldi et al., 2020 ; Puthumana et al., 2021 ; Srivastava et al., 2021 ). In conclusion, inflammation caused by pesticides may be an important inducer of other secondary diseases, and ET and MCP-1 were the key factors by which pesticides interfered with the immune system in this study.…”

2022 Update of the Consensus on the Rational Use of Antithrombotics and Thrombolytics in Veterinary Critical Care (CURATIVE) Domain 1‐ Defining populations at risk

“…Several of the reports describing histopathologic changes in cats with PLN or glomerulonephritis had evidence of fibrin deposition; however, none of the studies that reported histopathology described any micro‐ or macrovascular thrombosis 84,85 . Numerous studies were considered neutral to the PECO question because they did not include a control group, they described arterial thrombosis and did not mention PLN, or they were reports focused on PLN that did not discuss or describe thrombosis 45,48,49,54,59,62,63,66–68,70,86–110 . Although these reports were considered neutral, their collective weight suggests that there is either no association or a very weak association between PLN and arterial thromboembolic complications in cats and that the overall risk of thrombosis in cats with PLN is seemingly low.…”