Evaluation of urine specific gravity and urine sediment as risk factors for urinary tract infections in cats

Bailiff, Nathan L.; Westropp, Joellen L; Nelson, Richard W.; Sykes, Jane E.; Owens, Sean D.; Kass, Philip H.

doi:10.1111/j.1939-165x.2008.00065.x

Cited by 76 publications

(125 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Compared with previous studies in which E coli represented 37–71 per cent of isolates in feline UTI (Litster and others 2007, Bailiff and others 2008, Martinez-Ruzafa and others 2012, White and others 2013), 42.3 per cent of isolates in the present study were E coli , followed by Streptococcus species (19.2 per cent), Staphylococcus species (16.0 per cent) and Enterococcus species (6.6 per cent). The proportion of Enterococcus isolates in feline UTIs varies from 6.5 to 43 per cent (Litster and others., 2007, Litster and others 2009, Martinez-Ruzafa and others 2012, White and others 2013).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 87%

Feline urinary tract pathogens: prevalence of bacterial species and antimicrobial resistance over a 10‐year period

Dorsch¹,

Vopelius-Feldt²,

Wolf

et al. 2015

Veterinary Record

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The purpose of this retrospective study was to identify bacterial species in cats with bacterial urinary tract infections (UTIs) and to investigate their antimicrobial susceptibilities over a 10-year period. Three hundred and thirty cultures from 280 cats were included in the study. The mean age of affected cats was 9.9 years; female cats with bacterial UTIs were significantly older than male cats with UTIs. The most common pathogen identified was Escherichia coli (42.3 per cent), followed by Streptococcus species (19.3 per cent), Staphylococcus species (15.6 per cent), Enterococcus species (6.6 per cent) and Micrococcaceae (5.8 per cent). Forty specimens (12.1 per cent) yielded growth of more than one isolate. Streptococcus and Enterococcus isolates were resistant to a significantly higher number of antimicrobial agents than E coli and Staphylococcus species isolates. Applying the formula to select rational antimicrobial therapy, bacterial isolates were most likely to be susceptible to nitrofurantoin, amoxicillin clavulanic acid, enrofloxacin and gentamicin. The antimicrobial impact factor for nitrofurantoin increased significantly over the 10-year period, whereas there was no significant change in antimicrobial impact factors for doxycycline, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, gentamicin, enrofloxacin, cephalothin and amoxicillin clavulanic acid. The detected changes in in vitro antimicrobial efficacy could help to develop hospital-specific guidelines for antimicrobial use to prevent the further development of resistance in feline uropathogens.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 87%

Feline urinary tract pathogens: prevalence of bacterial species and antimicrobial resistance over a 10‐year period

Dorsch¹,

Vopelius-Feldt²,

Wolf

et al. 2015

Veterinary Record

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“…Our observations are in contrast with previous studies suggesting that UTIs are overrepresented in older cats. 1,4,5 It has been hypothesized that declining immune competence associated with aging may increase the risk of UTI in older cats. 8,12 In contrast, our data suggests that UTIs have a more uniform distribution among cats of all ages.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical features and risk factors for development of urinary tract infections in cats

Martinez-Ruzafa

Kruger

Miller

et al. 2012

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery

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The clinical and diagnostic features of 155 cats with urinary tract infection (UTI) and 186 controls with negative urine culture/s were characterized retrospectively (signalment, clinical signs, urinalysis, urine culture, concurrent diseases, lower urinary tract diagnostic/therapeutic procedures). Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify risk factors associated with UTI. Cats of all ages were affected by UTI with no sex/breed predisposition. Lower urinary tract signs were absent in 35.5% of cats with UTI. Pyuria and bacteriuria had sensitivities of 52.9% and 72.9%, and specificities of 85.5% and 67.7% for detection of UTI, respectively. Risk factors significantly associated with increased odds of UTI were urinary incontinence [odds ratio (OR) = 10.78, P = 0.0331], transurethral procedures (OR = 8.37, P <0.0001), urogenital surgery (OR = 6.03, P = 0.0385), gastrointestinal disease (OR = 2.62, P = 0.0331), decreased body weight (OR = 0.81, P = 0.0259) and decreased urine specific gravity (OR = 0.78, P = 0.0055). Whilst not independently significant, renal disease and lower urinary tract anatomic abnormalities improved statistical model performance and contributed to UTI.

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“…In their study, urinary tract infection was diagnosed in 45% of cats older than 10 years with symptoms of FLUTD, and 17% of cats were diagnosed with both urolithiasis and urinary tract infection (Bartges 2004). In most reports, females are more susceptible to urinary tract infection (Lekcharoensuk et al 2001;Bailiff et al 2008;Litster et al 2009). In our study, females represented only 36.7% of the population with urinary tract infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of clinical signs and causes of lower urinary tract disease in Polish cats

Lew-Kojrys¹,

́²,

Snarska³

et al. 2017

Vet. Med.

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This paper describes the results of a retrospective study performed on 385 cats with feline lower urinary tract disease. The study was conducted to obtain epidemiological data and to evaluate clinical symptoms and the results of laboratory tests in a population of Polish cats with symptoms of lower urinary tract disease. The analysed population comprised feline patients of the veterinary clinic at the University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn who had not been treated prior to admission. Medical history was obtained for all patients. Urine samples were collected mostly, but not solely, by cystocentesis. Feline idiopathic cystitis was diagnosed in most cats (60.7%), while urinary tract infections were noted in only 7.8% of patients. Urethral obstruction caused by mucus plugs was observed in 17.4% of animals. Urolithiasis was observed in 13% of cats, 5% of whom were also diagnosed with urinary tract infections. Hyperplastic changes were identified in only 1% of the studied population. In 59% of cats, feline lower urinary tract disease was accompanied by urethral obstruction. Cats with feline idiopathic cystitis were the youngest animals in the analysed population, and the risk of urinary tract infections and neoplasia increased with age. Our results, obtained over a period of six years in a Polish feline population, show that sex, neutering, age, living conditions and diet influence the type of urinary tract disease, data which are consistent with those obtained in other countries.

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Evaluation of urine specific gravity and urine sediment as risk factors for urinary tract infections in cats

Abstract: Performing a urine culture sample based solely on the presence of isosthenuria does not seem warranted. Further studies are warranted to help identify host predisposing factors for urinary bacterial colonization in cats with these diseases.

Cited by 76 publications

References 17 publications

Feline urinary tract pathogens: prevalence of bacterial species and antimicrobial resistance over a 10‐year period

Feline urinary tract pathogens: prevalence of bacterial species and antimicrobial resistance over a 10‐year period

Clinical features and risk factors for development of urinary tract infections in cats

Evaluation of clinical signs and causes of lower urinary tract disease in Polish cats

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