Evaluation of various inclusion rates of organic zinc either as polysaccharide or proteinate complex on the growth performance, plasma, and excretion of nursery pigs1

Abstract

Three experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of feeding dietary concentrations of organic Zn as a Zn-polysaccharide (Quali Tech Inc., Chaska, MN) or as a Zn-proteinate (Alltech Inc., Nicholasville, KY) on growth performance, plasma concentrations, and excretion in nursery pigs compared with pigs fed 2,000 ppm inorganic Zn as ZnO. Experiments 1 and 2 were growth experiments, and Exp. 3 was a balance experiment, and they used 306, 98, and 20 crossbred pigs, respectively. Initially, pigs averaged 17 d of age and 5.2 kg BW in Exp. 1 and 2, and 31 d of age and 11.2 kg BW in Exp. 3. The basal diets for Exp. 1, 2, and 3 contained 165 ppm supplemental Zn as ZnSO4 (as-fed basis), which was supplied from the premix. In Exp. 1, the Phase 1 (d 1 to 14) basal diet was supplemented with 0, 125, 250, 375, or 500 ppm Zn as Zn-polysaccharide (as-fed basis) or 2,000 ppm Zn as ZnO (as-fed basis). All pigs were then fed the same Phase 2 (d 15 to 28) and Phase 3 (d 29 to 42) diets. In Exp. 2, both the Phase 1 and 2 basal diets were supplemented with 0, 50, 100, 200, 400, or 800 ppm Zn as Zn-proteinate (as-fed basis) or 2,000 ppm Zn as ZnO (as-fed basis). For the 28-d Exp. 3, the Phase 2 basal diet was supplemented with 0, 200, or 400 ppm Zn as Zn-proteinate, or 2,000 ppm Zn as ZnO (as-fed basis). All diets were fed in meal form. In Exp. 1, 2, and 3, pigs were bled on d 14, 28, or 27, respectively, to determine plasma Zn and Cu concentrations. For all three experiments, there were no overall treatment differences in ADG, ADFI, or G:F (P = 0.15, 0.22, and 0.45, respectively). However, during wk 1 of Exp. 1, pigs fed 2,000 ppm Zn as ZnO had greater (P < or = 0.05) ADG and G:F than pigs fed the basal diet. In all experiments, pigs fed a diet containing 2,000 ppm Zn as ZnO had higher plasma Zn concentrations (P < 0.10) than pigs fed the basal diet. In Exp. 1 and 3, pigs fed 2,000 ppm Zn as ZnO had higher fecal Zn concentrations (P < 0.01) than pigs fed the other dietary Zn treatments. In conclusion, organic Zn either as a polysaccharide or a proteinate had no effect on growth performance at lower inclusion rates; however, feeding lower concentrations of organic Zn greatly decreased the amount of Zn excreted.

Levels of copper and zinc in diets for growing and finishing pigs can be reduced without detrimental effects on production and mineral status

“…The Cu and Zn concentrations in feces were determined only by their dietary IL, which agrees with results from previous studies in weanling pigs (Apgar and Kornegay, 1996;Case and Carlson, 2002;Carlson et al, 2004). The effect of MF on fecal mineral concentration, however, was inconsistent.…”

Effect of dietary amounts of inorganic and organic zinc on productive and physiological traits of White Pekin ducks

“…This theory could explain the significant increase in Zn excretion and the decreasing Zn retention with increasing amount of Zn in the present study. High-dietary concentrations of Zn resulted in large quantities of Zn excreted in the manure (Poulsen and Larsen, 1995;Hoover et al, 1997;Carlson et al, 2004), which may result in a net accumulation of Zn in the soil when applied as a crop fertilizer (Jongbloed and Lenis, 1998). Fecal Zn excretion was markedly decreased when lower concentrations of Zn from organic sources were fed to animals (Case and Carlson, 2002;Carlson et al, 2004).…”

“…High-dietary concentrations of Zn resulted in large quantities of Zn excreted in the manure (Poulsen and Larsen, 1995;Hoover et al, 1997;Carlson et al, 2004), which may result in a net accumulation of Zn in the soil when applied as a crop fertilizer (Jongbloed and Lenis, 1998). Fecal Zn excretion was markedly decreased when lower concentrations of Zn from organic sources were fed to animals (Case and Carlson, 2002;Carlson et al, 2004). However, at 30 and 60 ppm of Zn addition to the diets, Zn retention was unchanged, probably because of an adequate level of available Zn for the organism already at 30 ppm of supplementation.…”

Proteína láctea e zinco suplementar em dietas de leitões recém-desmamados

“…Doses suplementares de 2500 ou 4000 ppm de zinco na forma de óxido de zinco para leitões jovens diminuem a incidência de diarréias (POULSEN, 1995). Outras pesquisas indicaram que o uso de óxido de zinco na dieta de leitões desmamados precocemente melhora o desempenho (HILL et al, 2000;CARLSON et al, 2004b), inferindo em vantagens nutricionais desse mineral.…”

“…Segundo Carlson et al (2004b) Naturalmente, após o desmame precoce, ocorre diminuição na ingestão de ração com decréscimo no crescimento, acompanhado da redução sérica de IGF-I. A redução da ingestão de ração e retardo no crescimento são os primeiros sinais de deficiência de zinco e conseqüentemente quando este mineral é suplementado a um animal com deficiência de zinco, ele responderá com aumento na taxa de crescimento e aumento na ingestão de ração, bem como elevação dos níveis séricos de IGF-I (CARLSON et al, 2004a).…”