Evaluation of vehicle side airbag effectiveness in Victoria, Australia

D'Elia, Angelo Dominic; Newstead, Stuart; Scully, Judith

doi:10.1016/j.aap.2013.02.020

Cited by 25 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The introduction of effective safety technologies has led to dramatic improvements in passenger car safety (e.g. Lie et al 2004, D'Elia et al 2013. Given this, the development and deployment at large of specific safety systems for PTWs may represent in the future a key contribution to PTW safety.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Motorcycle active safety systems: Assessment of the function and applicability using a population-based crash data set

Savino

Pierini

Fitzharris

2019

Traffic Injury Prevention

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Objective: Motorcycles and mopeds, often referred to as powered two wheelers (PTWs), play an important role for personal mobility worldwide. Despite their advantages, including low cost, space and fuel efficiency, the risk of sustaining serious or fatal injuries is higher than is the case for occupants of passenger cars. The development of safety systems specific for PTWs represents a potential way to reduce casualties among riders. With the proliferation of new active and passive safety technologies, the question as to which might offer the most value is important. In this context, a prioritisation process was applied to a set of PTW active safety systems to evaluate their applicability to crash scenarios alone and in combination. The systems included in the study were antilock braking, autonomous emergency braking, collision warning, curve warning, and curve assist. Methods: With the functional performance of the five safety systems established, the relevance of each system to specific crash configurations and vehicle movements defined by a standardized accident classification system used in Victoria, Australia, was rated by two independent reviewers, with a third reviewer acting as a moderator where disagreements occurred. Ratings ranged from 1 (definitely not applicable) to 4 (definitely applicable). Using population-based crash data, the number and percent of crashes that each safety system could potentially influence, or be relevant for, was defined. Applying accepted injury costs permitted the derivation of the societal economic cost of PTW crashes and the potential reductions associated with each safety system given a theoretical crash avoidance effectiveness of 100%. Results: In the 12-year period 2000-2011, 23,955 PTW riders and 1292 pillion passengers were reported to have been involved in a road crash, with over 500 killed and more than 10,000 seriously injured; only 3.5% of riders / pillions were uninjured. The total economic cost associated with these injured riders and pillions was estimated to be $AU 11.1 billion (US$7.70 billion; €6.67 billion). The five safety systems, as single solution or in combination, were relevant to 57% of all crashes, and to 74% riders killed. Antilock braking was found to be relevant to the highest number of crashes, with incremental increases in coverage when combined with other safety systems. Conclusions: The findings demonstrate that ABS, alone and in combination with other safety systems, has the potential to mitigate or possibly prevent a high percentage of PTW crashes in the considered setting. Other safety systems can influence different crash scenarios and are also recommended. Given the high cost of motorcycle crashes and the increasing number of PTW safety technologies, the proposed approach can be used to inform the process of selection of the most suitable interventions to improve PTW safety.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Motorcycle active safety systems: Assessment of the function and applicability using a population-based crash data set

Savino

Pierini

Fitzharris

2019

Traffic Injury Prevention

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“…The number of new vehicles sold in Victoria (Australia) fitted with side curtain airbags has risen from 24% in 2006 to 64% in early 2011 [46]. The analysis of side curtain airbags showed (1) 51% reduction of injury to all body regions and (2) 61% reduction of injury to the head, neck, face and thorax [47,48].…”

Section: Side-impact Airbagsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many convertible vehicles use head-thorax airbags for side-impact protection, which work in a similar way to the thorax side-impact airbag module but offer combined head and thorax protection in side-impact collisions for one occupant and are often used where the inflatable curtain (which provides protection in rollovers) cannot be mounted. It has been shown that the combination of a side curtain airbag and a thorax side-impact airbag are highly effective in reducing deaths and injuries in a crash [48].…”

Section: Side-impact Airbagsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Airbags

et al. 2013

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In recent years, safety systems such as seat belts and airbags have been one of the fastgrowing sectors within the automotive industry. Seat belts and airbags have made driving substantially safer since their introduction. Airbags are safety systems used to cushion the driver or passenger during a collision and reduce bodily injuries. The technology involved in the manufacturing and working of airbags is complex. Since the early stages of development, airbag technology has been undergoing continual evolution in terms of design, materials and performance. Airbags are typically made from woven fabric, which may be coated or uncoated but must be impermeable to gases and flame resistant. In terms of their operation, modern airbags are smart restraint systems, which can tailor the deployment of the airbag according to the crash severity, body size of the occupant and proximity of the occupant to the airbag system prior to deployment. The future of airbags is extremely promising because there are many diverse applications ranging from motorcycle helmets to aircraft seating. In this article, an outline is given of the historical development of airbags and their value in saving lives is illustrated by supporting statistical data. The essential parameters required for airbag yarn and fabric components are discussed in detail. In addition, the processes involved in the manufacture, assembly and testing of airbag systems are explained. The mechanisms and chemical reactions involved in the deployment of different types of airbags are also discussed, and recent developments in airbag design and their possible future applications are reported.

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“…The area protected from injury by airbags ranges from just the torso to both the head and torso. Head-and-torso side airbags have reduced the risk of death by almost 50%, 2 and so airbags are now mandatory in all new vehicles in Europe, the USA and Australia. 3 Critically, the time between crash and occupant impact with internal structures is brief, and prior to airbag implementation, occupants would collide with extreme force into the dashboard, windshield and steering wheel, often resulting in severe head and chest injuries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5 Side airbags are more commonly used in combination with front airbags, and they deploy from either the side pillar or the outer occupant seat. 2 Side airbags are, however, constrained during deployment, with limited expansion space given the narrowness of the space between the seat, occupant and side car door.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Injuries, death and vehicle airbag deployment

et al. 2020

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Airbags are impact-activated safety devices which deploy from the interior of vehicles to protect occupants from trauma during crashes. Although airbags effectively reduce the risk of death and injury, this it is not without issues. For example, high-impact unbelted rigid-barrier testing in the USA led to the adoption of powerful, large airbags that were associated with numerous airbag-related deaths and injuries. In contrast, European designs were tested and certified in conjunction with the use of three-point restraint systems, meaning that the airbags could be smaller with reduced ‘punch-out’ power. An overview is provided of the mechanism of action of airbags and the associated non-lethal and lethal injuries that may be sustained by vehicle occupants.

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Evaluation of vehicle side airbag effectiveness in Victoria, Australia

Cited by 25 publications

References 8 publications

Motorcycle active safety systems: Assessment of the function and applicability using a population-based crash data set

Motorcycle active safety systems: Assessment of the function and applicability using a population-based crash data set

Airbags

Injuries, death and vehicle airbag deployment

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