Evaluation of Viability, Shedding Pattern, and Longevity of Pollen from Genetically Modified (GM) Herbicide-tolerant and Wild-type Zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica Steud.)

Kang, Hong‐Gyu; Bae, Tae-Woong; Jeong, Ok-Cheol; Sun, Hui; Lim, Pyung-Ok; Lee, Hyo-Yeon

doi:10.1007/s12374-009-9074-2

Cited by 16 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Species that are both important disease hosts and have a track record of invasiveness (e.g., many pasture plants [Lonsdale 1994]) present an additional challenge since their release from suppression by disease could potentially impact on a wide array of nontarget ecosystems. Some research underpinning risk assessment of pasture species has been undertaken (Cunlife et al 2004, Wang et al 2004, Kang et al 2009), but very few ecological risk assessments have been completed for transgenic pasture species (Sandhu et al 2008, 2009, Bagavathiannana and Van Ackerb 2010 and none to date that we are aware of for a GM pasture species resistant to multiple pathogens.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Co‐infection patterns and geographic distribution of a complex pathosystem targeted by pathogen‐resistant plants

Biddle¹,

Linde

Godfree³

2012

Ecological Applications

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Increasingly, pathogen-resistant (PR) plants are being developed to reduce the agricultural impacts of disease. However PR plants also have the potential to result in increased invasiveness of nontarget host populations and so pose a potential threat to nontarget ecosystems. In this paper we use a new framework to investigate geographical variation in the potential risk associated with unintended release of genetically modified alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV)-resistant Trifolium repens (white clover) into nontarget host populations containing AMV, clover yellow vein virus (ClYVV), and white clover mosaic virus (WCIMV) in southeastern Australia. Surveys of 213 sites in 37 habitat types over a 300 000-km2 study region showed that T. repens is a significant weed of many high-conservation-value habitats in southeastern Australia and that AMV, ClYVV, and WClMV occur in 15-97% of nontarget host populations. However, T. repens abundance varied with site disturbance, habitat conservation value, and proximity to cropping, and all viral pathogens had distinct geographic distributions and infection patterns. Virus species frequently co-infected host plants and displayed nonindependent distributions within host populations, although co-infection patterns varied across the study region. Our results clearly illustrate the complexity of conducting environmental risk assessments that involve geographically widespread, invasive pasture species and demonstrate the general need for targeted, habitat- and pathosystem-specific studies prior to the process of tiered risk assessment.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Co‐infection patterns and geographic distribution of a complex pathosystem targeted by pathogen‐resistant plants

Biddle¹,

Linde

Godfree³

2012

Ecological Applications

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“…The assessment of viability using TTC is based on the color change of the tissues in the presence of a salt solution of 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride, which is reduced by dehydrogenase respiratory enzymes in live tissues, resulting in a red carmine-colored compound called formazan (Beyhan and Serdan, 2008). The TTC test has been used to estimate the pollen viability in many species (Kelen and Demirtas, 2003;Huang et al, 2004;Kang et al, 2009;Soares et al, 2013). Several authors argued that the TTC test is a reliable estimative of pollen viability, showing similar results to in vitro germination tests (Bolat and Pirlak, 1999;Huang et al, 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of collection time on the viability of banana pollen grains

Soares¹,

Souza²,

Sampaio³

et al. 2015

Afr. J. Biotechnol.

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The objective of this study was to assess the pollen viability of six improved diploid banana plants (AA) collected in different periods of the day, in two seasons of the year (winter and summer), using in vitro germination test and staining. Pollen grains collected at 8 am (anthesis), 10 am, 12 pm, 2 pm and 4 pm were evaluated. We used a culture medium for pollen germination containing 15% sucrose, 0.01% H 3 BO 3 , 0.01% KNO 3 , 0.03% Ca(NO 3 ) 2 .4H 2 O, and 0.02% MgSO 4 .7H 2 O, solidified with 0.8% agar, adjusted to different pH. The pollen viability was evaluated by staining with 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC). The highest pollen germination rates and viability were obtained at 8 am and the lowest at 4 pm, in both seasons. The average in vitro germination percentage and viability level were negatively influenced by the number of hours after anthesis. During the summer, the pollen viability and in vitro germination rates were highest when compared to winter period. The results presented can help at the selection of genetic materials and enable inferences on the best pollen collection time for use in cross breeding programs for plant improvement.

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“…As two controls for SGF assay, HRP (a) and OVA (b), which rapidly and slowly digested proteins, respectively, were used. Remaining enzyme activity (d) was measured as based on their essentially identical reproduction rates, leaf and seed morphologies, germination rates, chemical composition, and pollen viability/longevity (Bae et al 2008;Kang et al 2009). Here, we designated the specific transformation event as JG21.…”

Section: Transformation Event Of T-dna In Gm Herbicide-tolerant Zoysimentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Phosphinothricin Acetyltransferase (PAT) Degradation From Transgenic Zoysiagrass Digested with Simulated Gastric Fluid (SGF)

et al. 2010

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The in vitro pepsin digestion assay is the international standard for assessing the safety or risk of novel proteins newly produced in transgenic crops. However, this protocol, based on the degradation of protein purified from Escherichia coli, has recently been criticized for problems such as its objective detection limit. Here, we estimated the digestion stability of the phosphinothricin acetyltransferase (PAT) protein in soluble proteins as well as from leaf tissue powder in simulated gastric fluid (SGF). Our line of genetically modified zoysiagrass carried a single copy of the bar gene, which entered a chromosomal region not encoding protein. We designated it as Jeju Green 21 (JG21). From total soluble proteins extracted from JG21 leaves, digestibility of the PAT protein in SGF was examined by enzymatic assays, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, Western gel blots, and an immunodetection strip kit. The degradability of pure PAT protein obtained from E. coli was clearly apparent within at least 30 s. However, PAT degradation in leaf tissue powder was significantly delayed, indicating that some matrices in that powder might have influenced its digestion stability by SGF. Nevertheless, degradation of the powder (real-life) sample was complete within at least 5 min, suggesting that this protein produced in JG21 zoysiagrass can be digested harmlessly in the stomachs of humans or livestock.

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Evaluation of Viability, Shedding Pattern, and Longevity of Pollen from Genetically Modified (GM) Herbicide-tolerant and Wild-type Zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica Steud.)

Cited by 16 publications

References 24 publications

Co‐infection patterns and geographic distribution of a complex pathosystem targeted by pathogen‐resistant plants

Co‐infection patterns and geographic distribution of a complex pathosystem targeted by pathogen‐resistant plants

Effect of collection time on the viability of banana pollen grains

Assessment of Phosphinothricin Acetyltransferase (PAT) Degradation From Transgenic Zoysiagrass Digested with Simulated Gastric Fluid (SGF)

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