Evaluation of wound healing, anti-microbial and antioxidant potential of Pongamia pinnata in wistar rats

Abstract

ObjectiveTo investigate wound healing, antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of leaf extract of Pongamia Pinnata.Materials and methodsMethanolic extracts of P. pinnata leaf were studied for wound healing efficiency, and was assessed by the rate of wound contraction, tensile strength, breaking strength, hydroxyproline and hexosamine content, along with its effect on pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines was assessed using excision and incision model of wound repair in Wistar rats. Antimicrobial activity against ten microorganisms was also assessed. In vivo antioxidant activity was performed to understand the mechanism of wound healing potency.ResultsThe results indicated that P. pinnata extract has potent wound healing capacity as evident from the wound contraction and increased tensile strength. Hydroxyproline and hexosamine expression were also well correlated with the healing pattern observed. extract exhibited significant antimicrobial activity, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, Micrococcus luteus, Enterobacter aerogenes, Salmonella typhi, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger also indicate that P. pinnata posses potent antioxidant activity by inhibition lipid peroxidation, reduce glutathione, superoxide dismutase level and increases catalase activity. During early wound healing phase TNF-α and IL-6 level were found to be up-regulated by P. pinnata treatment.ConclusionIncreased wound contraction and tensile strength, augmented hydroxyproline and hexosamine content, antioxidative activity and moderate antimicrobial activity support the early wound healing exhibited by P. pinnata. Induction in cytokine production may be one of the mechanisms in accelerating the wound healing. Results suggest that P. pinnata may be useful in tropical management of wound healing.

Preparation, characterization, and assessment of cytotoxicity, antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, and cutaneous wound healing properties of titanium nanoparticles using aqueous extract of Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam leaves

“…Fibroblasts synthesize some components of primary extracellular matrix of the wound bed such as fibronectin, hexosamine, and hexuronic acid, which provides a favorable ground for cell migration and proliferation. Fibroblasts then synthesize collagen, which provides tensile strength in the wound bed . Fibrocytes are developed fibroblasts that have a higher ability in making collagen than fibroblasts.…”

Green synthesis and chemical characterization of silver nanoparticles from aqueous extract of Falcaria vulgaris leaves and assessment of their cytotoxicity and antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal and cutaneous wound healing properties

“…Fibroblasts synthesize some components of primary extracellular matrix of the wound bed such as fibronectin, hexosamine and hexuronic acid, which provides a favourable ground for cell migration and proliferation. Fibroblasts then synthesize collagen, which provides tensile strength in the wound bed . Fibrocytes are developed fibroblasts that have a greater ability for making collagen than fibroblasts.…”

“…The amount of collagen is very low in the early days but abundantly found in the final days due to increased number of fibroblasts. The tensile strength of a wound is dependent not only on the content of tissue collagen but also on the organization and arrangement of collagen fibres and maturity of fibers …”

“…In the absence of macrophages, the number of fibroblasts migrating to the wound is also reduced . Stimulation of receptors on the surface of cutaneous macrophages stimulates these cells to produce cytokines and advance some stages of wound healing . Lymphocytes, existing in the human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, are an important source of immunoregulatory cytokines in the blood circulation and inflammatory parts of the body.…”

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“…The dried granuloma tissues were acid-hydrolyzed at 130 °C for 4 hours in 6N HCl, The hydrolysate was neutralized to pH 7.0 and the mixture was oxidized with chloramine-T for 20 min. After 20 minutes of brief incubation the oxidation reaction is terminated by adding 0.4M perchloric acid further Ehrlich reagent was added to the oxidized reaction mixture and incubated at 60 °C and the developed color was measured at 557nm using UV-Visible spectrophotometer 22 .…”