Evaluation of Written Medicine Information: Validation of the Consumer Information Rating Form

Koo, Michelle; Krass, Ines; Aslani, Parisa

doi:10.1345/aph.1k083

Cited by 38 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The factor analysis on the original items of the CIRF showed that 16 of the 17 items loaded on the corresponding question, supporting the use of the CIRF to this population. The items corresponded with the same three subscales as in previous studies: consumer comprehensibility, consumer utility and consumer design quality (9, 14). The total variance explained approximates the variance explained in the Australian study, which was much lower than in the US study (9, 14).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The items corresponded with the same three subscales as in previous studies: consumer comprehensibility, consumer utility and consumer design quality (9, 14). The total variance explained approximates the variance explained in the Australian study, which was much lower than in the US study (9, 14). The differences between these three studies may be attributed to the nature and the size of the consumer samples.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Factor analysis is a technique that extracts as many factors as there are questions in the set of items that make up the CIRF. As previous studies identified three factors, the number of factors was preset to three in our analysis (9, 14). If each item loads on its corresponding question, this would support the use of the CIRF to our patient population.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Medication information for Flemish inpatients with major depression: evaluation and construct validity of the Consumer Information Rating Form

Desplenter

Laekeman

Demyttenaere

et al. 2009

Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics

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Background and objectives: Evaluating the quality of written medication information is a major topic of concern when patient pamphlets are developed. The objective of this study is to evaluate a patient pamphlet on selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) by calculating Flesch-Douma readability scores and by applying the Consumer Information Rating Form (CIRF) to Flemish inpatients with major depression taking SSRIs. Methods: The pamphlet was evaluated by calculating Flesch-Douma readability scores. The study enrolled patients with major depression taking SSRIs. Patient received a SSRI pamphlet and completed a self-administered structured questionnaire consisting of the adapted CIRF and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Construct validity was explored by means of factor analysis and Cronbach's alpha. Results and discussion: The Flesch-Douma readability scores showed that the pamphlet was easy to read, had much interest in the reader and was very popular. The sample of 96 patients consisted of doubtful ⁄ definite cases in terms of anxiety (10AE65 ± 4AE90) and doubtful cases in terms of depression (8AE91 ± 5AE23). Using the CIRF, patients assigned positive scores to comprehensibility, utility and design quality of the pamphlet. Factor analysis on the original CIRF confirmed the three original factors (P < 0AE001). Cronbach's alpha of factors ranged from 0AE69 to 0AE83. Conclusion: The SSRI pamphlet is of good quality. Our study supported the construct validity of the CIRF to Flemish inpatients with major depression.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Medication information for Flemish inpatients with major depression: evaluation and construct validity of the Consumer Information Rating Form

Desplenter

Laekeman

Demyttenaere

et al. 2009

Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics

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“…The questionnaires were derived from earlier research [10] and previous findings [7,25]. A central questionnaire was developed and subsequently adapted specifically for each cohort: consumers, GPs and pharmacists.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing provision of written medicine information in Australia: pharmacist, general practitioner and consumer perceptions of the barriers and facilitators

Hamrosi

Raynor

Aslani

2014

BMC Health Serv Res

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BackgroundWritten medicine information can play an important role in educating consumers about their medicines. In Australia, standardised, comprehensive written information known as Consumer Medicine Information (CMI) is available for all prescription medicines. CMI is reportedly under-utilised by general practitioners (GPs) and community pharmacists in consultations, despite consumer desire for medicine information. This study aimed to determine consumers’, GPs’ and community pharmacists’ preferences for CMI provision and identify barriers and facilitators to its use.MethodStructured questionnaires were developed and administered to a national sample of Australian consumers (phone survey), community pharmacists and GPs (postal surveys) surrounding utilisation of CMI. Descriptive and comparative analyses were conducted.ResultsHalf of consumers surveyed wanted to receive CMI for their prescription medicine, with spoken information preferable to written medicine information for many consumers and healthcare professionals. GPs and pharmacists remained a preferred source of medicine information for consumers, although package inserts were appealing to many among all three cohorts. Overall pharmacists were the preferred provider of CMI primarily due to their medicine expertise, accessibility and perceived availability. GPs preferred CMI dissemination through both the GP and pharmacist. Some consumers preferred GPs as the provider of medicines information because of their knowledge of the patients’ medicines and/or medical history, regularity of seeing the patient and good relationship with the patient. Common barriers to CMI provision cited included: time constraints, CMI length and perceptions that patients are not interested in receiving CMI. Facilitators to enhance provision included: strategies to increase consumer awareness, longer consultation times and counseling appointments, and improvements to pharmacy software technology and workflow.ConclusionMedicine information is important to consumers, whether as spoken, written or a combination of both. A tailored approach is needed to ascertain individual patient preference for delivery and scope of medicine information desired so that appropriate information is provided. The barriers of time and perceived attitudes of healthcare practitioners present challenges which may be overcome through changes to workplace practices, adoption of identified facilitators, and education about the positive benefits of CMI as a tool to engage and empower patients.

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“…The Consumer Information Rating Form (CIRF) is a validated direct consumer-orientated measure of usability and asks consumers to evaluate the overall design and comprehensibility of the CMI 22 . This is a useful tool as, unlike readability formulae, it engages consumers as well as simultaneously assessing structure and content.…”

Section: User Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

User testing of consumer medicine information in Australia

Jay

Aslani

Raynor

2010

Health Education Journal

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Background: Consumer Medicine Information (CMI) forms an important basis for the dissemination of medicines information worldwide. Methods: This article presents an overview of the design and development of Australian CMI, and discusses 'user-testing' as an iterative, formative process for CMI design. Findings: In Australia, legislation and templates guide the creation of CMI by pharmaceutical manufacturers using principles of written health information design, giving consideration to both content and structure. Following these principles to the letter, however, does not always assure the creation of a useable document. A suggested method to gauge the usability of CMI is 'user-testing'. The process, based on observing individuals using the CMI to answer specific questions, aims to identify areas of weakness in the document allowing targeted improvement. Each question identifies whether (a) the individual can find the relevant information and (b) they can understand it. It is an iterative process designed to be performed repeatedly until it results in a highly-useable CMI. Crucially, the revisions of this information between rounds of testing need to be based on principles of good writing and information design. Other methods of analysing CMI do not actively engage the target audience while simultaneously testing the usability of both content and structure. Although developed in Australia, user testing is not routinely performed on Australian CMI. This is despite the fact that user testing is a legal requirement for leaflets for all new medicines across the European Union (EU). Conclusions: Given CMI's role in empowering patients with information, it follows that every attempt should be made to ensure that they are consumer friendly and usable. There is a strong argument that user testing should be employed in writing medicine information.

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Evaluation of Written Medicine Information: Validation of the Consumer Information Rating Form

Abstract: The CIRF appears to be a robust instrument for assessing consumers' perceptions of written medicine information. However, validity always needs to be reestablished when using a previously validated measure in a different population.

Cited by 38 publications

References 9 publications

Medication information for Flemish inpatients with major depression: evaluation and construct validity of the Consumer Information Rating Form

Medication information for Flemish inpatients with major depression: evaluation and construct validity of the Consumer Information Rating Form

Enhancing provision of written medicine information in Australia: pharmacist, general practitioner and consumer perceptions of the barriers and facilitators

User testing of consumer medicine information in Australia

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