Evapotranspiration partitioning in semiarid shrubland ecosystems: a two‐site evaluation of soil moisture control on transpiration

Cavanaugh, Michelle L.; Kurc, S. A.; Scott, Russell L.

doi:10.1002/eco.157

Cited by 168 publications

(117 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…However, uptake of water and nutrients need not be tightly coupled (Pate et al, 1998). While some plant species rely mainly on deep soil moisture for transpiration (Kurc and Small, 2007;Kurc and Benton, 2010;Cavanaugh et al, 2011), their nutrient uptake may be uncoupled from this water uptake if the nutrients are only present in shallow soil or near decomposing leaf litter. On the other hand, significant pools of some nutrients may be found in deeper soil layers closer to unweathered bedrock (McCulley et al, 2004;Maeght et al, 2013).…”

Section: Hypothesis 6 Trees Grow the Majority Of Their Rootsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, some stable isotope studies (e.g., Phillips and Ehleringer, 1995) and sap flow measurements linked with soil moisture measurements at depth (e.g., Cavanaugh et al, 2011) have identified cases in which plants with roots mostly near the surface still rely mainly on deep soil moisture for transpiration. For those systems, we infer that the shallow roots are grown densely to provide growth-limiting nutrients; however, such an inference should be tested.…”

Section: Hypothesis 6 Trees Grow the Majority Of Their Rootsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reviews and syntheses: on the roles trees play in building and plumbing the critical zone

et al. 2017

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Abstract. Trees, the most successful biological power plants on earth, build and plumb the critical zone (CZ) in ways that we do not yet understand. To encourage exploration of the character and implications of interactions between trees and soil in the CZ, we propose nine hypotheses that can be tested at diverse settings. The hypotheses are roughly divided into those about the architecture (building) and those about the water (plumbing) in the CZ, but the two functions are intertwined. Depending upon one's disciplinary background, many of the nine hypotheses listed below may appear obviously true or obviously false. (1) Tree roots can only physically penetrate and biogeochemically comminute the immobile substrate underlying mobile soil where that underlying substrate is fractured or pre-weathered. (2) In settings where the thickness of weathered material, H , is large, trees primarily shape the CZ through biogeochemical reactions within the rooting zone. (3) In forested uplands, the thickness of mobile soil, h, can evolve toward a steady state because of feedbacks related to root disruption and tree throw. (4) In settings where h H and the rates of uplift and erosion are low, the uptake of phosphorus into trees is buffered by the fine-grained fraction of the soil, and the ultimate source of this phosphorus is dust. (5) In settings of limited water availability, trees maintain the highest length density of functional roots at depths where water can be extracted over most of the growing season with the least amount of energy expenditure. (6) Trees grow the majority of their roots in the zone where the most growth-limiting resource is abundant, but they also grow roots at other depths to forage for other resources and to hydraulically redistribute those resources to depths where they can be taken up more efficiently. (7) Trees rely on matrix water in the unsaturated zone that at times may have anPublished by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. 5116 S. L. Brantley et al.: Reviews and syntheses: on the roles trees play in building and plumbing the critical zone isotopic composition distinct from the gravity-drained water that transits from the hillslope to groundwater and streamflow. (8) Mycorrhizal fungi can use matrix water directly, but trees can only use this water by accessing it indirectly through the fungi. (9) Even trees growing well above the valley floor of a catchment can directly affect stream chemistry where changes in permeability near the rooting zone promote intermittent zones of water saturation and downslope flow of water to the stream. By testing these nine hypotheses, we will generate important new cross-disciplinary insights that advance CZ science.

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Section: Hypothesis 6 Trees Grow the Majority Of Their Rootsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hypothesis 6 Trees Grow the Majority Of Their Rootsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reviews and syntheses: on the roles trees play in building and plumbing the critical zone

et al. 2017

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“…In situ observations have allowed for investigation into how different environmental factors control soil drying rates and thus evaporation rates (Cavanaugh et al, 2011;Detto et al, 2006;e.g., Kurc andSmall, 2004, 2007). Only recently has satellite remote sensing of soil moisture advanced sufficiently to make it possible to monitor drying rates on a large scale (Entekhabi et al, 2010;Kerr, 2006), thus allowing scientists to evaluate the physical controls on soil drying across a wider range of conditions.…”

Section: P J Shellito Et Al: Controls On Surface Soil Drying Ratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Controls on surface soil drying rates observed by SMAP and simulated by the Noah land surface model

Shellito

Small

Livneh

2018

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. Drydown periods that follow precipitation events provide an opportunity to assess controls on soil evaporation on a continental scale. We use SMAP (Soil Moisture Active Passive) observations and Noah simulations from drydown periods to quantify the role of soil moisture, potential evaporation, vegetation cover, and soil texture on soil drying rates. Rates are determined using finite differences over intervals of 1 to 3 days. In the Noah model, the drying rates are a good approximation of direct soil evaporation rates, and our work suggests that SMAP-observed drying is also predominantly affected by direct soil evaporation. Data cover the domain of the North American Land Data Assimilation System Phase 2 and span the first 1.8 years of SMAP's operation.Drying of surface soil moisture observed by SMAP is faster than that simulated by Noah. SMAP drying is fastest when surface soil moisture levels are high, potential evaporation is high, and when vegetation cover is low. Soil texture plays a minor role in SMAP drying rates. Noah simulations show similar responses to soil moisture and potential evaporation, but vegetation has a minimal effect and soil texture has a much larger effect compared to SMAP. When drying rates are normalized by potential evaporation, SMAP observations and Noah simulations both show that increases in vegetation cover lead to decreases in evaporative efficiency from the surface soil. However, the magnitude of this effect simulated by Noah is much weaker than that determined from SMAP observations.

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“…In situ observations have allowed for investigation of how different environmental factors control soil drying rates and thus evaporation rates (Cavanaugh et al, 2011;Detto et al, 2006;e.g., Kurc andSmall, 2004, 2007). Only recently has satellite remote sensing of soil moisture advanced sufficiently to make it possible to monitor drying rates at large scales (Entekhabi et al, 2010;Kerr, 2006), thus allowing scientists to evaluate the physical controls on soil drying across a wider range of 15 conditions.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Controls on surface soil drying rates observed by SMAP and simulated by the Noah land surface model

Shellito¹,

Small²

2017

Preprint

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Abstract. Drydown periods that follow precipitation events provide an opportunity to assess the mechanisms by which soil moisture dissipates from the land surface. We use SMAP (Soil Moisture Active Passive) observations and Noah simulations from drydown periods to quantify the role of soil moisture, potential evaporation, vegetation cover, and soil texture on soil drying rates. Rates are determined using finite differences over intervals of 1 to 3 days. In the Noah model, the drying rates are a good approximation of direct soil evaporation rates. Data cover the domain of the North American Land Data 10 Assimilation System phase 2 and span the first 1.8 years of SMAP's operation.Drying of surface soil moisture observed by SMAP is faster than that simulated by Noah. SMAP drying is fastest when surface soil moisture levels are high, potential evaporation is high, and when vegetation cover is low. Soil texture plays a minor role in SMAP drying rates. Noah simulations show similar responses to soil moisture and potential evaporation, but vegetation has a minimal effect and soil texture has a much larger effect compared to SMAP. When drying rates are 15 normalized by potential evaporation, SMAP observations and Noah simulations both show that increases in vegetation cover lead to decreases in evaporative efficiency from the surface soil. However, the magnitude of this effect simulated by Noah is much weaker than that determined from SMAP observations.

show abstract

Evapotranspiration partitioning in semiarid shrubland ecosystems: a two‐site evaluation of soil moisture control on transpiration

Cited by 168 publications

References 57 publications

Reviews and syntheses: on the roles trees play in building and plumbing the critical zone

Reviews and syntheses: on the roles trees play in building and plumbing the critical zone

Controls on surface soil drying rates observed by SMAP and simulated by the Noah land surface model

Controls on surface soil drying rates observed by SMAP and simulated by the Noah land surface model

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