Event-Driven Data Gathering in Pure Asynchronous Multi-Hop Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks

Abstract

In underwater acoustic modem design, pure asynchrony can contribute to improved wake-up coordination, thus avoiding energy-inefficient synchronization mechanisms. Nodes are designed with a pre-receptor and an acoustically adapted Radio Frequency Identification system, which wakes up the node when it receives an external tone. The facts that no synchronism protocol is necessary and that the time between waking up and packet reception is narrow make pure asynchronism highly efficient for energy saving. However, handshaking in the Medium Control Access layer must be adapted to maintain the premise of pure asynchronism. This paper explores different models to carry out this type of adaptation, comparing them via simulation in ns-3. Moreover, because energy saving is highly important to data gathering driven by underwater vehicles, where nodes can spend long periods without connection, this paper is focused on multi-hop topologies. When a vehicle appears in a 3D scenario, it is expected to gather as much information as possible in the minimum amount of time. Vehicle appearance is the event that triggers the gathering process, not only from the nearest nodes but from every node in the 3D volume. Therefore, this paper assumes, as a requirement, a topology of at least three hops. The results show that classic handshaking will perform better than tone reservation because hidden nodes annulate the positive effect of channel reservation. However, in highly dense networks, a combination model with polling will shorten the gathering time.

A rendezvous point‐based data gathering in underwater wireless sensor networks for monitoring applications

“…However, it is not mentioned how the sojourn points are determined for MS to visit. Blanc 17 have discovered diverse models to perform different kind of alteration and associating them using replication. Furthermore, authors were more attentive to multihop topologies, as to reduce energy consumption is extremely significant in data collecting focused by AUVs.…”

Relay Selection for Capacity Increase in Underwater Acoustic Sensor Network

“…More than 70% of the earth’s surface is covered with water. Numerous underwater acoustic (UWA) communication methods have already been developed to monitor the ocean environments [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ]. Underwater sensors plays a vital role in collecting the environmental information and transmitting the gathered data to the buoy that transfers all the collected data to the surface station.…”