Event-stratigraphic markers within the Kellwasser crisis near the Frasnian/Famennian boundary (upper Devonian) in Germany

Schindler, Eberhard

doi:10.1016/0031-0182(93)90124-2

Cited by 90 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…A final point that may be made against the anoxiaextinction hypothesis is the detailed timing of the extinctions, particularly of pelagic taxa. Many benthic taxa go extinct at the base of the Upper Kellwasser Horizon, notably ostracods (Casier, 1987) and trilobites (Schindler, 1993;Feist & Schindler, 1994;Chlupác, Feist & Morzadec, 2000), together with the presumedpelagic entomozoacean ostracods (Olempska, 2002). However, other pelagic groups, in particular goniatites and homoctenids, go extinct either during or at the termination of Upper Kellwasser Horizon deposition (Walliser et al 1989;Schindler, 1990;Becker & House, 1994) when water column oxygen levels ostensibly improved during a major, eustatic sea-level fall (Buggisch, 1991;Joachmiski & Buggisch, 1993;McGhee, 1996, p. 157).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extent and duration of marine anoxia during the Frasnian–Famennian (Late Devonian) mass extinction in Poland, Germany, Austria and France

2004

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-The intensity and extent of anoxia during the two Kellwasser anoxic events has been investigated in a range of European localities using a multidisciplinary approach (pyrite framboid assay, gamma-ray spectrometry and sediment fabric analysis). The results reveal that the development of the Lower Kellwasser Horizon in the early Late rhenana Zone (Frasnian Stage) in German type sections does not always coincide with anoxic events elsewhere in Europe and, in some locations, seafloor oxygenation improves during this interval. Thus, this anoxic event is not universally developed. In contrast, the Upper Kellwasser Horizon, developed in the Late linguiformis Zone (Frasnian Stage) in Germany correlates with a European-wide anoxic event that is manifest as an intensification of anoxia in basinal locations to the point that stable euxinic conditions were developed (for example, in the basins of the Holy Cross Mountains, Poland). The interval also saw the spread of dysoxic waters into very shallow water (for instance, reefal) locations, and it seems reasonable to link the contemporaneous demise of many marine taxa to this phase of intense and widespread anoxia. In basinal locations, euxinic conditions persisted into the earliest Famennian with little change of depositional conditions. Only in the continental margin location of Austria was anoxia not developed at any time in the Late Devonian. Consequently it appears that the Upper Kellwasser anoxic event was an epicontinental seaway phenomenon, caused by the upward expansion of anoxia from deep basinal locales rather than an 'oceanic' anoxic event that has spilled laterally into epicontinental settings.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extent and duration of marine anoxia during the Frasnian–Famennian (Late Devonian) mass extinction in Poland, Germany, Austria and France

2004

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“…This small abandoned quarry, with the status of a protected geological reserve, was studied among others by Ziegler (1971), Lottmann et al (1986, Sandberg et al (1988), Walliser et al (1989), Schindler (1990Schindler ( , 1993 and Feist and Schindler (1994). Geochemical studies concerning this outcrop are due to Buggisch (1972) and McGhee et al (1986).…”

Section: The Schmidt Quarrymentioning

confidence: 98%

“…These nine ostracod species were reported by Walliser et al (1989), Schindler (1990) and Groos-Uffenorde and Schindler (1990) On the other hand, the study based on ostracods from southern Belgium, southern France, Nevada (USA) and Hunan (China) has provided valuable information about the Late Devonian mass extinction, one of the five greatest during the Phanerozoic (Casier et al, 1996).…”

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confidence: 88%

“…During the Frasnian/Famennian transition, the Schmidt quarry was located in an area of hemipelagic sedimentation deposited on a submarine rise within a basin (Sandberg et al, 1988 (Lethiers and Casier, 1996), and from Devils Gate, on the eastern margin of the Eopacificus (Casier and Lethiers, 1998 (Bandel and Becker, 1975) and to the Myodocopid ures 3 and 4). The mode of life of these ostracods, nektoplanktonic or nekto-benthonic, is controverted (GroosUffenorde and Schindler, 1990;Casier, 1987Casier, , 1992Lethiers and Casier, 1995) were not able to survive. The most remarkable change for conodonts also occurs in these 5 cm-thick dark carbonaceous shales (Sandberg et al, 1988).…”

Section: The Schmidt Quarrymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ostracods Late Devonian mass extinction: the Schmidt quarry parastratotype (Kellerwald, Germany)

Casier

Lethiers

1998

Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences - Series IIA - Earth

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' Labomtoire de micropaMont&gie, dipatiement de gBologie s6dimentaire, l:nit~e&t! Paris 6 T25-15, 4lf, case 104-4, 4, place Jussieu. 75252 Parts cedex 0 5, France ABSTKACT Sixty-eight ostracod species have been recognized (the benthonic one for the first time) close to the Frasnian/Famennian boundary in the Schmidt quarry parastratotype. In the Late Frasnian, ostracods belong to an assemblage of the Eifelian ecotype and to the Myodocopid ecotype. In the base of the Famcnnian. they belong exclusively to the Eifelian ecotype. The oxygen content of the bottom waters during the deposition of the Upper Kellwasser horizon was highly unstable whereas this horizon was known to be anoxic. The Late Devonian mass extinction, probably the second in order of magnitude during the Phanerozoic, took place in the last 5 cm of the Upper Kellwasser horizon. Twelve ostracod species recognized in the Schmidt quarry survived this event.

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“…The sec ond cool ing pulse took place at about 375 Ma in the lat est Frasnian, is dated to the linguiformis Cono dont Zone at the Up per Kellwasser strati graphic ho ri zon (Walliser, 1996;Joachimski and Buggisch, 2002). Both of the Kellwasser strati graphic ho ri zons are also as so ci ated with extinc tion pulses: ex tinc tions dated to the Late rhenana Cono dont Zone oc curred in both the ma rine and ter res trial realms (Raymond and Metz, 1995;McGhee, 1996), and fur ther ex tinc tions dated to the linguiformis Cono dont Zone oc curred in the ma rine realm (Schindler, 1993;McGhee, 1996).…”

Section: A Comparison Of Cenozoic and Late Paleozoic Global Coolingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Late Devonian (Frasnian/Famenian) mass extinction: a proposed test of the glaciation hypothesis

McGhee

2014

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In this pa per it is agued that Late Frasnian global cool ing was the first step in the on set of the Late Pa leo zoic Ice Age, and that a Late Frasnian gla ci ation ex isted that was anal o gous to the early Oligocene (Oi-1) gla ci ation that took place in the first step of global cool ing in the on set of the Ce no zoic Ice Age. It is here pro posed that de fin i tive sedimentological ev i dence for the exis tence of Late Frasnian gla ci ation, like the Oi-1 gla ci ation, would be the dis cov ery of ice-rafted de bris in ma rine sed i ments of Late Frasnian age sim i lar to the ice-rafted de bris found in Oi-1 ma rine sed i ments (Zachos et al., 1992;Ehrmann and Mackensen, 1992). Rather than metre-to decimetre-sized ice-rafted de bris, a search should be ini ti ated for the pres ence of sand-sized (>250 mm) ice-rafted de bris in Frasnian ma rine strata lo cated off shore from the main Gond wana land mass, and dated to the Late rhenana Cono dont Zone and/or to the linguiformis-Early triangularis cono dont zonal in ter val where the extinc tions and sharp drops in sea-sur face tem per a ture oc curred (Joachimski and Buggisch, 2002).

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Event-stratigraphic markers within the Kellwasser crisis near the Frasnian/Famennian boundary (upper Devonian) in Germany

Cited by 90 publications

References 26 publications

Extent and duration of marine anoxia during the Frasnian–Famennian (Late Devonian) mass extinction in Poland, Germany, Austria and France

Extent and duration of marine anoxia during the Frasnian–Famennian (Late Devonian) mass extinction in Poland, Germany, Austria and France

Ostracods Late Devonian mass extinction: the Schmidt quarry parastratotype (Kellerwald, Germany)

The Late Devonian (Frasnian/Famenian) mass extinction: a proposed test of the glaciation hypothesis

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