Evidence-Based Early Clinical Detection of Emerging Diseases in Food Animals and Zoonoses: Two Cases

Saegerman, Claude; Humblet, Marie‐France; Porter, Rebecca; Zanella, Gina; Martinelle, Ludovic

doi:10.1016/j.cvfa.2012.01.001

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The reproductive indicators related to the Leptospira serovars found in this study, by X 2 test, demonstrated significant association between the average of SB and the serovar Pomona; these results are in accordance with the literature since this serovar has the swine species as reservoir, its related with the presence of the disease and has been found associated with the production of piglets born dead [41].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Alteration of the Reproductive Indicators by the Presence of Leptospira spp. in Sows of Swine Farms

Ospina-Pinto

Rincón-Pardo

Soler-Tovar

et al. 2019

Acta Scientiae. Vet.

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Background:Leptospirosis is a worldwide disease that impacts health, welfare and animal production. Manifestations in swine range from subclinical to severe cases of reproductive failure, generating abortions, embryonic resorption, litters with few piglets, and piglets born weak or dead, which causes great economic losses. Tropical conditions in Colombia favor transmission and maintenance of Leptospira, highlighting the importance of implementing direct diagnostic techniques such as isolation through culture to reach a definitive diagnosis. The objective of the present study was to relate reproductive indicators behavior with the presence of Leptospira spp. in two pig farms in Cundinamarca, Colombia. Materials, Methods & Results:Sows in reproductive stage in two pig farms were selected. A clinical examination of the animals was performed to demonstrate the presence of signs suggestive of Leptospirosis, also the sow records were reviewed to find reports of any of these clinical manifestations, and the average of the reproductive indicators was calculated to set which were altered in the sows. Blood and urine samples were obtained and analyzed by microscopic agglutination test (MAT) and isolation through culture, respectively. Among the altered reproductive indicators were identified: total pigs born (TPB) in 72.5%, stillbirths (SB) by 70%, mummified pigs (MUM) in a 52.5%, pre-weaning death (PWD) by 40% and the 24 h mortality (M24h) in the 20%. The 77.5% of the sows were positive by MAT. The predominant serovars of Leptospira spp. included Grippotyphosa (67.5%), Canicola (22.5%), Icterohaemorrhagiae (20%), Hardjo (17.5%) and Pomona (12.5%). The bacterium was isolated in 32.5% of the analyzed urine samples. There is increased risk of alteration in the indicators M24h (1.27), TPB (1.08), SB (1.15) and MUM (1.27) with the presence of Leptospira by isolation through culture. Discussion: The birth of weak piglets and the alteration of indicators such as SB were the most common findings in this study, which are of the major alterations caused by the bacteria because Leptospira can be located in the uterus. Positive cultures, 32.5% (13/40), indicate a high percentage of positive animals in the population. The total of positive culture results reveal that humans, pigs and other animal species from the farms and surrounding areas, are at risk of exposure to the bacteria, because these positive sows are eliminating the microorganism through urine to the environment, representing a problem for public health. This is why it is important to perform the identification of bacteria in urine. It establishes whether the animal is a carrier, although the non-detection of the microorganism in the urine does not rule out that this is a chronic renal carrier because it may indicate that at the moment of the test the animal was not excreting detectable amounts of the bacteria. The total of positive sera (77.5%) indicates a high seropositivity of swine leptospirosis in the population. Regarding serovars of Leptospira spp. identified, Grip...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Alteration of the Reproductive Indicators by the Presence of Leptospira spp. in Sows of Swine Farms

Ospina-Pinto

Rincón-Pardo

Soler-Tovar

et al. 2019

Acta Scientiae. Vet.

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“…In the past, other powerful clinical decision support tools were developed and found that the combination of clinical signs with different frequencies (high and low) are valuable, especially for emerging diseases (e.g. [24,28,[38][39][40]). For the probability, the scale of colour is related to the increasing of its value (green to red).…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical decision support tool for diagnosis of COVID-19 in hospitals

Saegerman

Gilbert²,

Donneau

et al. 2021

PLoS ONE

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Background The coronavirus infectious disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic has resulted in significant morbidities, severe acute respiratory failures and subsequently emergency departments’ (EDs) overcrowding in a context of insufficient laboratory testing capacities. The development of decision support tools for real-time clinical diagnosis of COVID-19 is of prime importance to assist patients’ triage and allocate resources for patients at risk. Methods and principal findings From March 2 to June 15, 2020, clinical patterns of COVID-19 suspected patients at admission to the EDs of Liège University Hospital, consisting in the recording of eleven symptoms (i.e. dyspnoea, chest pain, rhinorrhoea, sore throat, dry cough, wet cough, diarrhoea, headache, myalgia, fever and anosmia) plus age and gender, were investigated during the first COVID-19 pandemic wave. Indeed, 573 SARS-CoV-2 cases confirmed by qRT-PCR before mid-June 2020, and 1579 suspected cases that were subsequently determined to be qRT-PCR negative for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 were enrolled in this study. Using multivariate binary logistic regression, two most relevant symptoms of COVID-19 were identified in addition of the age of the patient, i.e. fever (odds ratio [OR] = 3.66; 95% CI: 2.97–4.50), dry cough (OR = 1.71; 95% CI: 1.39–2.12), and patients older than 56.5 y (OR = 2.07; 95% CI: 1.67–2.58). Two additional symptoms (chest pain and sore throat) appeared significantly less associated to the confirmed COVID-19 cases with the same OR = 0.73 (95% CI: 0.56–0.94). An overall pondered (by OR) score (OPS) was calculated using all significant predictors. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was generated and the area under the ROC curve was 0.71 (95% CI: 0.68–0.73) rendering the use of the OPS to discriminate COVID-19 confirmed and unconfirmed patients. The main predictors were confirmed using both sensitivity analysis and classification tree analysis. Interestingly, a significant negative correlation was observed between the OPS and the cycle threshold (Ct values) of the qRT-PCR. Conclusion and main significance The proposed approach allows for the use of an interactive and adaptive clinical decision support tool. Using the clinical algorithm developed, a web-based user-interface was created to help nurses and clinicians from EDs with the triage of patients during the second COVID-19 wave.

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“…Bats may have been the original hosts of many viruses because of their unusual host defense systems and immune tolerance, which allows viruses to coexist in bats without causing disease [Hauser et al, 2021;Irving et al, 2021;Parolin et al, 2021]. Additionally, bovine spongiform encephalopathy and endemic zoonotic diseases such as rabies are still prevalent in many countries [Saegerman et al, 2012].…”

Section: Viral Food Poisoningmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to a Loma Linda University study, vegetarians live 7 years longer and vegans 15 years longer than meat eaters. It is surprising that more humans have not come to realize this fact and still have not altered their lifestyles in this simple way to avoid so many of the natural causes of human suffering [Schierstaedt et al, 2019]. Several of these health-endangering agents, causing morbidity and mortality, will be described in sequence in this article.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eating Animal Products, a Common Cause of Human Diseases

Saier¹,

Baird²,

Reddy³

et al. 2022

Microb Physiol

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The human population is plagued by hundreds of infectious agents that cause diseases, and many of these agents can infect a range of wild and domesticated animals as well. In fact, a large proportion of current pathological conditions in humans is caused by our close association with non-human animals, some of which we keep as pets, but most of which we raise, prepare as food sources, and ingest. It is well established that most of these diseases are caused by a variety of infectious agents, the most important being bacteria, viruses, prions and protozoans. In this article we shall consider these agents and discuss their transmission from various animals and animal products to humans. It is noted than virtually none of these agents are obtained by eating plant-derived products unless the plants are grown and prepared with contaminated water. Consequently, we suggest that Homo sapiens could avoid a significant fraction of the diseases that plague us by shifting to a more vegetarian diet.

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Evidence-Based Early Clinical Detection of Emerging Diseases in Food Animals and Zoonoses: Two Cases

Cited by 5 publications

References 27 publications

Alteration of the Reproductive Indicators by the Presence of Leptospira spp. in Sows of Swine Farms

Alteration of the Reproductive Indicators by the Presence of Leptospira spp. in Sows of Swine Farms

Clinical decision support tool for diagnosis of COVID-19 in hospitals

Eating Animal Products, a Common Cause of Human Diseases

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