Evidence Based Update on the Management of Acne

Ravenscroft, Jane

doi:10.1136/adc.2004.071183

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The currently available therapeutic option for acne (antibiotic treatment) is usually used to treat acne vulgaris to inhibit inflammation or kill the bacteria. In the case of antibiotic therapy, triclosan, benzoyl peroxide, azelaic acid, retinoid, tetracycline, erythromycin, macrolide, and clindamycin are the most commonly prescribed (Gollnick et al 2003, Ravenscroft 2005, Han et al 2010). However, these antibiotics are often associated with several side effects, such as the emergence of resistant bacteria, organ damage, and immune hypersensitivity if these medicines are used for a long period ).…”

Section: Microorganism and Culturementioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro antibacterial and synergistic effect of phlorotannins isolated from edible brown seaweed Eisenia bicyclis against acne-related bacteria

Lee¹,

Eom²,

Lee³

et al. 2014

ALGAE

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To develop effective and safe acne vulgaris therapies with a continuing demand for new solutions, we investigated unique efficacy of an antibacterial agent from marine brown alga Eisenia bicyclis in treating acne vulgaris. The methanolic extract of E. bicyclis exhibited potential antibacterial activity against acne-related bacteria. The ethyl acetate fraction showed the strongest antibacterial activity against the bacteria among solvent fractions. Six compounds (1-6), previously isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction of E. bicyclis, were evaluated for antibacterial activity against acne-related bacteria. Among them, compound 2 (fucofuroeckol-A [FF]) exhibited the highest antibacterial activity against acne-related bacteria with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranging from 32 to 128 μg mL -1 . Furthermore, FF clearly reversed the high-level erythromycin and lincomycin resistance of Propionibacterium acnes. The MIC values of erythromycin against P. acnes were dramatically reduced from 2,048 to 1.0 μg mL -1 in combination with MIC of FF (64 μg mL -1). The fractional inhibitory concentration indices of erythromycin and lincomycin were measured from 0.500 to 0.751 in combination with 32 or 64 μg mL -1 of FF against all tested P. acnes strains, suggesting that FF-erythromycin and FF-lincomycin combinations exert a weak synergistic effect against P. acnes. The results of this study suggest that the compounds derived from E. bicyclis can be a potential source of natural antibacterial agents and a pharmaceutical component against acnerelated bacteria.Key Words: acne-related bacteria; antimicrobial activity; Eisenia bicyclis; phlorotannins; synergistic effect INTRODUCTIONAcne vulgaris is a common skin disease affecting children and adolescents. The pathogenesis of acne is multifactorial and complex. There are four important factors that cause acne in humans, such as an increase in sebum secretion, keratinization of the follicle, bacteria, and inflammation (Farrar and Ingham 2004). Pro pionibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus epidermidis, S. aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are often involved in the development of abnormal follicular keratinization and inflammation (Yamaguchi et al. 2009 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 48 MATERIALS AND METHODS Raw materials and extractionIn late September 2010, E. bicyclis was purchased from Ulleung Trading Co. (Ulleung-gun, Korea). A voucher specimen has been deposited in the author's laboratory. Dried E. bicyclis was finely ground and powdered with a food mixer (HMF-1000A; Hanil Electronics, Seoul, Korea). The dried powder was vacuum-packed and kept at -20°C until use. The dried E. bicyclis powder (1.0 kg) was extracted with methanol (MeOH; 10 L × 3) at 70°C for 3 h (3 times) and the solvent was evaporated ...

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Section: Microorganism and Culturementioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro antibacterial and synergistic effect of phlorotannins isolated from edible brown seaweed Eisenia bicyclis against acne-related bacteria

Lee¹,

Eom²,

Lee³

et al. 2014

ALGAE

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“…acnes tumor necrosis factorinterleukins cytokines , nitric oxide (NO) (Eom et al, 2016). tetracycline (Gollnick et al, 2003;Han et al, 2010;Ravenscroft, 2005). , P. acnes , , 2 (Eom et al, 2016;Kim et al, 2016;Nam et al, 2003;Tan, 2003).…”

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confidence: 99%

Anti-inflammatory Effects of Chitosan-phytochemical Conjugates against Propionibacterium acnes-induced Inflammation

Kim¹,

Je²,

Kim³

2016

Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences

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Propionibacterium acnes infection in skin tissue often causes acne vulgaris, commonly characterized by inflammatory papules, pustules, and nodules. Chitosan and its derivatives possess strong anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, the anti-inflammatory activity of chitosan-phytochemical conjugates on P. acnes-infected human skin keratinocytes (HaCaT) was evaluated. We designed a model of P. acnes-induced inflammation in viable HaCaT cells. Nitric oxide (NO), an inflammatory marker, was successfully elevated by P. acnes infection in HaCaT cells in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, the levels of NO were reduced by treatment with chitosan-phytochemical conjugates (chitosancaffeic acid, -ferulic acid and -sinapic acid) in a dose-dependent manner. Among these conjugates, chitosan-caffeic acid exhibited the strongest NO suppression in HaCaT cells infected with P. acnes. The results obtained in this study suggest that chitosan-phytochemical conjugates could be used as a potential therapeutic agent against acne vulgaris.

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“…[ 9 ] Triclosan, benzoyl peroxide, azelaic acid, retinoid, tetracycline, erythromycin, macrolide, levofloxacin and clindamycin are the most commonly prescribed antibiotics to treat acne vulgaris. [ 10 11 12 13 14 ] However, these antibiotics are associated with several side-effects when used for a long period. [ 15 ] Combination therapy with a topical retinoid and an antibiotic can normalize follicular epithelial desquamation and reduce bacterial proliferation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibition of lipase and inflammatory mediators by Chlorella lipid extracts for antiacne treatment

Sibi¹

2015

J Adv Pharm Technol Res

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Acne vulgaris is a chronic inflammatory disease, and its treatment is challenging due to the multifactorial etiology and emergence of antibiotic-resistant Propionibacterium acnes strains. This study was focused to reduce antibiotics usage and find an alternate therapeutic source for treating acne. Lipid extracts of six Chlorella species were tested for inhibition of lipase, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, cytokine production using P. acnes (Microbial Type Culture Collection 1951). Lipase inhibitory assay was determined by dimercaprol Tributyrate - 5, 5'- dithiobis 2-nitrobenzoic acid method and ROS production assay was performed using nitro-blue tetrazolium test. The anti-inflammatory activity of algal lipid extracts was determined by in vitro screening method based on inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) produced by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of lipid extracts were determined by microdilution method, and the fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy. Chlorella ellipsoidea has the highest lipase inhibitory activity with 61.73% inhibition, followed by Chlorella vulgaris (60.31%) and Chlorella protothecoides (58.9%). Lipid extracts from C. protothecoides and C. ellipsoidea has significantly reduced the ROS production by 61.27% and 58.34% respectively. Inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α showed the inhibition ranging from 58.39% to 78.67%. C. vulgaris has exhibited the MICvalue of 10 μg/ml followed by C. ellipsoidea, C. protothecoides and Chlorella pyrenoidosa (20 μg/ml). FAME analysis detected 19 fatty acids of which 5 were saturated fatty acids, and 14 were unsaturated fatty acids ranging from C14 to C24. The results suggest that lipid extracts of Chlorella species has significant inhibitory activity on P. acnes by inhibiting lipase activity. Further, anti-inflammatory reaction caused by the pathogen could be reduced by the inhibiting the production of ROS and inflammatory mediators TNF-α and exposes new frontiers on the antiacne activities of Chlorella lipid extracts.

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Evidence Based Update on the Management of Acne

Cited by 5 publications

References 14 publications

In vitro antibacterial and synergistic effect of phlorotannins isolated from edible brown seaweed Eisenia bicyclis against acne-related bacteria

In vitro antibacterial and synergistic effect of phlorotannins isolated from edible brown seaweed Eisenia bicyclis against acne-related bacteria

Anti-inflammatory Effects of Chitosan-phytochemical Conjugates against Propionibacterium acnes-induced Inflammation

Inhibition of lipase and inflammatory mediators by Chlorella lipid extracts for antiacne treatment

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