Evidence for a divided genome in bean golden mosaic virus, a geminivirus

Haber, Stephen; Ikegami, Machiko; Bajet, N. B.; Goodman, Robert M.

doi:10.1038/289324a0

Cited by 57 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…At least three of the whitefly-transmitted viruses have genomes consisting of two DNA species (Haber et al, 1981 ;Hamilton et al, 1983;Stanley, 1983) but no such indication has been obtained for any leafhopper-transmitted geminivirus. Indeed, the recognition of similarities between the amino acids coded by comparable regions of DNA-1 and DNA-2 of ACMV (Kikuno et al, 1984) suggests that this bipartite genome may have originated from a single genome species.…”

Section: Dna Sequence Homologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These two parts of the ACMV genome, which are both needed for infection (Stanley, 1983), have a common sequence of about 200 nucleotides but are otherwise different. BGMV (Haber et al, 1981) and TomGMV (Hamilton et al, 1982(Hamilton et al, , 1983 likewise each possess two single-stranded DNA molecules that differ in nucleotide sequence, but the actual sequences are not yet published. MSV and CSMV also have genomes of circular single-stranded DNA (Harrison et al, 1977;Francki et al, 1980).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Serological Relationships and Genome Homologies among Geminiviruses

Roberts¹,

Robinson²,

Harrison³

1984

Journal of General Virology

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SUMMARYIn immunosorbent electron microscopy (ISEM) tests, strong relationships were detected between five whitefly-transmitted geminiviruses: African cassava mosaic (ACMV), bean golden mosaic, euphorbia mosaic, squash leaf curl and tomato golden mosaic. Among five leafhopper-transmitted geminiviruses, beet curly top and tobacco yellow dwarf viruses were distantly related but no relationship was detected between either chloris striate mosaic, maize streak or wheat dwarf viruses and any of the other four. No relationship was detected between any whitefly-transmitted and any leafhopper-transmitted virus. A similar pattern of relationships was found by spot hybridization experiments in which extracts from infected leaves were tested with probes for ACMV DNA-1 or DNA-2. Imperfect nucleotide sequence homologies were found between ACMV DNA-1, which contains the particle protein gene, and the DNA of five other whitefly-transmitted viruses: bean golden mosaic, tomato golden mosaic, tobacco leaf curl, tomato leaf curl and tomato yellow leaf curl, the last three of which are not sap-transmissible. Thus, relationships were established between saptransmissible and sap non-transmissible geminiviruses. No homologies were detected with a full-length probe for ACMV DNA-2. Extracts from plants infected with three teafhopper-transmitted viruses (beet curly top, maize streak and wheat dwarf) did not react with probes for ACMV DNA-1 or DNA-2. Because each of the leafhoppertransmitted geminiviruses has a different vector species whereas the whiteflytransmitted geminiviruses all have the same vector, Bemisia tabaci, the genome homologies and antigenic relationships detected among members of the group could be explained if their coat proteins have a key role in transmission by vectors.

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Section: Dna Sequence Homologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serological Relationships and Genome Homologies among Geminiviruses

Roberts¹,

Robinson²,

Harrison³

1984

Journal of General Virology

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“…of 28 000 and its genome is covalently closed circular single-stranded DNA (Matyis et al, 1975;Hamilton et al, 1981). The genome of TGMV, like that of two other geminiviruses, bean golden mosaic virus (Haber et al, 1981) and cassava latent virus (CLV) (Stanley & Gay, 1983), consists of two distinct DNA molecules of similar size (approx. 2600 nucleotides) Bisaro et al, 1982).…”

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confidence: 99%

Serological Studies on Tomato Golden Mosaic Virus, a Geminivirus

Stein

Coutts

Buck

1983

Journal of General Virology

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SUMMARYParticles of tomato golden mosaic virus (TGMV), purified by an improved procedure, were used to prepare an antiserum which in gel double-diffusion tests with homologous virus gave a single precipitin line and had a titre of 1/256. TGMV was shown to be serologically related to another geminivirus, cassava latent virus, and distantly related to a leafhopper-transmitted geminivirus, beet curly top virus. No relationship could be detected to four other leaf hopper-transmitted geminiviruses.Golden mosaic disease of the tomato Lycopersicon esculentum Mill is a serious problem in Brazilian horticulture (Costa, 1976). The causal agent, tomato golden mosaic virus (TGMV), is transmitted in nature by the whitefly Bemisia tabaci Genn., but it can also be transmitted by mechanical inoculation to a number of Nicotiana species which serve as convenient hosts for virus propagation. TGMV has been placed in the geminivirus group (Matthews, 1982) because its particles have geminate morphology, its capsid polypeptide species has a mol. wt. of 28 000 and its genome is covalently closed circular single-stranded DNA (Matyis et al., 1975;Hamilton et al., 1981). The genome of TGMV, like that of two other geminiviruses, bean golden mosaic virus (Haber et al., 1981) and cassava latent virus (CLV) (Stanley & Gay, 1983), consists of two distinct DNA molecules of similar size (approx. 2600 nucleotides) Bisaro et al., 1982).In the present communication we report an improved purification procedure for TGMV and studies of its serological relationships with other geminiviruses.TGMV (Brazilian isolate kindly supplied by Dr A. S. Costa) was propagated in Nicotiana benthamiana by inoculation of the expanding upper leaves of plants grown to the six to eight leaf stage which were then kept for 14 days in a glasshouse maintained at a temperature of 25 to 28 °C with a relative humidity of 70 to 80~ and 15 klux light intensity supplied by a mixture of mercury and incandescent bulbs with an 18 h photoperiod. Inocula consisted of resuspended virus pellets (see below) which were either used immediately or stored at -20 °C for up to 4 months without loss of infectivity.For virus isolation 250 g of leaf material was homogenized in 500 ml buffer (0.1 M-trisodium citrate, 0.759/0 sodium sulphite, 5 mM-disodium EDTA, 1 ~ 2-mercaptoethanol, 0.325~o Lascorbic acid, adjusted to pH 7 with NaOH). The homogenate was made 2-5 9/0 (by vol.) in Triton X-100, stirred for 16 h at 4 °C and then filtered through muslin. The filtrate was centrifuged at I0000 g for 15 min and the supernatant was collected and centrifuged at 40000 rev/min in a Beckman Ti45 rotor for 2 h. The virus pellets were resuspended in 12 ml CEM buffer (0-01 Mtrisodium citrate, 1 mM-disodium EDTA, 0.05~ 2-mercaptoethanol, adjusted to pH 7 with NaOH) and the suspension was divided into three aliquots, each of which was overlaid onto a 1 ml cushion of 20~ (w/v) sucrose in CEM buffer and centrifuged for 3 h at 40000 rev/min in a Beckman SW50.1 rotor. The re-pelleted virus was resuspended in a total ...

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“…One of the largest subgroups comprises the whitefly-transmitted geminiviruses that infect dicotyledonous plants and have bipartite genomes (Haber et al, 1981). Their genomes are composed of two -2.6-kb DNA components, designated A and 6, that are dissimilar in sequence except for a highly conserved common region of approximately 200 nucleotides.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geminivirus replication origins have a modular organization.

et al. 1994

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Tomato golden mosaic virus (TGMV) and bean golden mosaic virus (BGMV) are closely related geminiviruses with bipartite genomes. The A and B DNA components of each virus have cis-acting sequences necessary for replication, and their A components encode trans-acting factors required for this process. We showed that virus-specific interactions between the cis-and trans-acting functions are required for TGMV and BGMV replication in tobacco protoplasts. We also demonstrated that, similar to the essential TGMV AL1 replication protein, BGMV AL1 binds specifically to its origin in vitro and that neither TGMV nor BGMV AL1 proteins bind to the heterologous origin. The in vitro AL1 binding specificities of the B components were exchanged by site-directed mutagenesis, but the resulting mutants were not replicated by either A component. These results showed that the high-affinity AL1 binding site is necessary but not sufficient for virus-specific origin activity in vivo. Geminivirus genomes also contain a stem-loop sequence that is required for origin function. A BGMV B mutant with the TGMV stem-loop sequence was replicated by BGMV A, indicating that BGMV AL1 does not discriminate between the two sequences. A BGMV B double mutant, with the TGMV AL1 binding site and stemloop sequences, was not replicated by either A component, indicating that an additional element in the TGMV origin is required for productive interaction with TGMV AL1. These results suggested that geminivirus replication origins are composed of at least three functional modules: (1) a putative stem-loop structure that is required for replication but does not contribute to virus-specific recognition of the origin, (2) a specific high-affinity binding site for the AL1 protein, and (3) at least one additional element that contributes to specific origin recognition by viral trans-acting factors.

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Evidence for a divided genome in bean golden mosaic virus, a geminivirus

Cited by 57 publications

References 15 publications

Serological Relationships and Genome Homologies among Geminiviruses

Serological Relationships and Genome Homologies among Geminiviruses

Serological Studies on Tomato Golden Mosaic Virus, a Geminivirus

Geminivirus replication origins have a modular organization.

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