Evidence for a long-lasting single administration contraceptive vaccine in wild grey seals

Brown, Robert G.; Bowen, W. Don; Eddington, J. D.; Kimmins, W. C.; Mezei, Michael; Parsons, James L.; Pohajdak, Bill

doi:10.1016/s0165-0378(97)00047-8

Cited by 55 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The development of a novel, safe and effective adjuvant (AdjuVac, National Wildlife Research Center, Fort Collins, CO, USA) combined with PZP-based vaccine succeeded in rendering animals of several species infertile for several years after a single dose (Table 1). Injectable formulations of PZP vaccines, such as the proprietary liposome-containing product SpayVac (ImmunoVaccine Technologies, Inc., Halifax, NS, Canada), with controlled-release properties, have been developed that generate responses for multiple years following a single administration (Brown et al 1997;Turner et al 2008;Rutberg et al 2013). Modified FCA has also been used as a safe, effective substitute for FCA (Lyda et al 2005).…”

Section: Immunocontraceptive Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fertility control to mitigate human–wildlife conflicts: a review

2014

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Abstract. As human populations grow, conflicts with wildlife increase. Concurrently, concerns about the welfare, safety and environmental impacts of conventional lethal methods of wildlife management restrict the options available for conflict mitigation. In parallel, there is increasing interest in using fertility control to manage wildlife. The present review aimed at analysing trends in research on fertility control for wildlife, illustrating developments in fertility-control technologies and delivery methods of fertility-control agents, summarising the conclusions of empirical and theoretical studies of fertility control applied at the population level and offering criteria to guide decisions regarding the suitability of fertility control to mitigate human-wildlife conflicts. The review highlighted a growing interest in fertility control for wildlife, underpinned by increasing numbers of scientific studies. Most current practical applications of fertility control for wild mammals use injectable single-dose immunocontraceptive vaccines mainly aimed at sterilising females, although many of these vaccines are not yet commercially available. One oral avian contraceptive, nicarbazin, is commercially available in some countries. Potential new methods of remote contraceptive delivery include bacterial ghosts, virus-like particles and genetically modified transmissible and non-transmissible organisms, although none of these have yet progressed to field testing. In parallel, new species-specific delivery systems have been developed. The results of population-level studies of fertility control indicated that this approach may increase survival and affect social and spatial behaviour of treated animals, although the effects are species-and context-specific. The present studies suggested that a substantial initial effort is generally required to reduce population growth if fertility control is the sole wildlife management method. However, several empirical and field studies have demonstrated that fertility control, particularly of isolated populations, can be successfully used to limit population growth and reduce human-wildlife conflicts. In parallel, there is growing recognition of the possible synergy between fertility control and disease vaccination to optimise the maintenance of herd immunity in the management of wildlife diseases. The review provides a decision tree that can be used to determine whether fertility control should be employed to resolve specific human-wildlife conflicts. These criteria encompass public consultation, considerations about animal welfare and feasibility, evaluation of population responses, costs and sustainability.

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Section: Immunocontraceptive Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fertility control to mitigate human–wildlife conflicts: a review

2014

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“…Our results indicate that long term contraception of freeroaming horses is possible with both GonaCon-B™ and SpayVac® and provide viable 13 alternatives for long term population control in feral horses. Furthermore, both GonaCon-B™ and SpayVac® have been shown to be effective in several other wildlife species (Brown et al 1997;Miller et al 2000a;Fraker et al 2002;Miller et al 2004;Hernandez et al 2006, Killian et al 2006Massei et al 2008). While we only report fertility rates three years post treatment, we expect, based on our captive trials , that treated mares will continue to be effectively contracepted for the next two years and we are continuing to monitor these females for the duration of that time.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first formulation, SpayVac®, is a liposome encapsulated porcine zona pellucida (PZP) that acts to prevent pregnancy by blocking fertilisation by targeting the zona pellucida of the ovum. A single dose can last for several years (Brown et al 1997). This contrasts with other PZP formulations that require multiple doses to achieve multiple years of infertility (Turner et al 2001;, although a vaccination that lasts between two and three years has been developed recently (Turner et al 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This contrasts with other PZP formulations that require multiple doses to achieve multiple years of infertility (Turner et al 2001;, although a vaccination that lasts between two and three years has been developed recently (Turner et al 2007). SpayVac® has been successfully used as a single dose, multi-year contraceptive in fallow deer (Dama dama) (Fraker et al 2002), whitetailed deer (Hernandez et al 2006), grey seals (Halichoerus grypus) (Brown et al 1997), and captive feral horses . The second formulation, GonaCon-B™, is a gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) vaccine that consists of synthetic GnRH conjugated with a blue mollusk protein.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multi-year fertility reduction in free-roaming feral horses with single-injection immunocontraceptive formulations

et al. 2010

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Context. Contraception is increasingly used as a management technique to reduce fertility in wildlife populations, but the feasibility of contraceptive formulations has been limited until recently as they have required multiple treatments to achieve prolonged infertility.Aims. We tested the efficacy and evaluated potential side effects of two contraceptive formulations, a porcine zona pellucida (PZP) formulation, SpayVac®, and a gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) formulation GonaCon-B™, in a population of free-roaming feral horses (Equus caballus). Both formulations were developed to provide several years of infertility with one injection. 2Methods. Females were treated in June 2005 with either GonaCon-B™ (n=24), SpayVac® (n=20), adjuvant only (n=22), or received no injection (n=18). Females were monitored for fertility status year round for three years post treatment.Key results. Both contraceptive treatments significantly reduced fertility for three years.Fertility rates for GonaCon-B™ mares were 39%, 42% and 31% respectively and 37%, 50%, and 44% for SpayVac® mares. During the same seasons, 61%, 67% and 76% of control females were fertile. We found no significant effects from contraceptive treatment on the sex ratio of foals, birthing season, or foal survival.Conclusions. These results demonstrate that both vaccines are capable of significantly reducing fertility for several years without boosters.Implications. Contraceptive vaccines examined in this study represent a useful tool for the management of feral horses, due to their being efficacious for three years in the absence of booster immunisations.

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“…The ovary produces follicles which contain ova surrounded by zonae pellucidae. The zona pellucida is an acellular glycoprotein which is antigenic (Gupta et.al., 1997, Brown et al, 1997) but ordinarily will not stimulate antibody production because it is protected by the blood-ovary barrier which when disrupted will lead to antibody production. The ZP antibody production has been associated with infertility.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of trypanosome infection witth circulating zona pellucida(ZP)antibodies in West African Dwarf(WAD)goats

Fayemi¹

2010

African Journal of Biomedical Research

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Evidence for a long-lasting single administration contraceptive vaccine in wild grey seals

Cited by 55 publications

References 9 publications

Fertility control to mitigate human–wildlife conflicts: a review

Fertility control to mitigate human–wildlife conflicts: a review

Multi-year fertility reduction in free-roaming feral horses with single-injection immunocontraceptive formulations

Association of trypanosome infection witth circulating zona pellucida(ZP)antibodies in West African Dwarf(WAD)goats

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