Evidence for changing symbiotic algae in juvenile tridacnids

Belda-Baillie, C. A.; Sison, M.; Silvestre, Víctor Quipuscoa; Villamor, K.; Monje, Virginia D.; Gomez, Enrique D.; Baillie, Brett K.

doi:10.1016/s0022-0981(99)00079-9

Cited by 55 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 21 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Furthermore, variability within a clade exists as single polyps harbored multiple zooxanthella genotypes within a single clade and these genotypes varied among polyps (based on our DNA fingerprint analysis). Belda-Baillie et al (1999), studying the tridacnid-zooxanthella symbiosis, also found that multiple zooxanthella genotypes initially entered the symbiosis when juvenile tridacnid clams were exposed to 'wild' zooxanthellae. When the algal composition within a clam was examined after 3, 6 and 9 mo (through cell isolations and culturing), clams had acquired multiple strains/genotypes.…”

Section: The Ontogenic Expression Of Specificitymentioning

confidence: 97%

Early ontogenetic expression of specificity in a cnidarian-algal symbiosis

Coffroth¹,

Santos²,

Goulet³

2001

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

168

145

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Most cnidarian-microalgae symbioses exhibit some degree of specificity in host-symbiont pairing. Among taxa with aposymbiotic larvae, specificity must be established each generation. Newly settled polyps of the gorgonians Plexaura kuna and Pseudoplexaura porosa rapidly acquired zooxanthellae, in both laboratory and field settings. Initial zooxanthella acquisition by polyps was non-selective and did not reflect adult host specificity. When placed in shallow backreef and forereef habitats, and on the deep forereef, newly settled polyps naturally acquired zooxanthellae belonging to Symbiodinium clades A, B and C (based on restriction fragment length analysis of small subunit ribosomal DNA). Over time the taxonomic diversity changed such that by 3 mo, the majority of polyps (77%) harbored only algae belonging to Symbiodinium clade B, the same algal clade found in the adult hosts. A survey of naturally occurring juvenile gorgonians (those 10 cm or less) showed that all contained only algae belonging to Symbiodinium clade B at this life history stage. These data are the first to characterize the early ontogenic change in zooxanthella diversity and confirm models of specificity in cnidarians in which a broad group of dinoflagellates initially enter the host followed by a change in algal genotypes that leads to the specificity observed in the adult host.KEY WORDS: Symbiosis · Zooxanthellae · Specificity · Coral · CnidarianResale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisher

show abstract

Section: The Ontogenic Expression Of Specificitymentioning

confidence: 97%

Early ontogenetic expression of specificity in a cnidarian-algal symbiosis

Coffroth¹,

Santos²,

Goulet³

2001

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

168

145

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The majority of these corals are broadcast spawners and newly-formed planula larvae, while lecithotrophic, must acquire their symbionts horizontally (Harrison and Wallace, 1990;Baird et al, 2009;Harrison, 2011). The planktonic larvae acquire different free-living Symbiodinium strains from the environmental pool before selecting one or more specific strains at a later stage (Belda-Baillie et al, 1999;Weis et al, 2001;Coffroth and Santos, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Marine Invertebrate Larvae Associated with Symbiodinium: A Mutualism from the Start?

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Symbiodinium are dinoflagellate photosynthetic algae that associate with a diverse array of marine invertebrates, and these relationships are comprehensively documented for adult animal hosts. Conversely, comparatively little is known about the associations during larval development of animal hosts, although four different metazoan phyla (Porifera, Cnidaria, Acoelomorpha, and Mollusca) produce larvae associated with Symbiodinium. These phyla represent considerable diversities in larval forms, manner of symbiont acquisition, and requirements on the presence of symbionts for successful metamorphosis. Importantly, the different requirements are conveyed by specific symbiont types that are selected by the host animal larvae. Nevertheless, it remains to be determined whether these associations during larval stages already represent mutualistic interactions, as evident from the relationship of Symbiodinium with their adult animal hosts. For instance, molecular studies suggest that the host larval transcriptome is nearly unaltered after symbiont acquisition. Even so, a symbiosis-specific gene has been identified in Symbiodinium that is expressed in larval host stages, and similar genes are currently being described for host organisms. However, some reports suggest that the metabolic exchange between host larvae and Symbiodinium may not cover the energetic requirements of the host. Here, we review current studies to summarize what is known about the association between metazoan larvae and Symbiodinium. In particular, our aim was to gather in how far the mutualistic relationship present between adult animals hosts and Symbiodinium is already laid out at the time of symbiont acquisition by host larvae. We conclude that the mutualistic relationship between animal hosts and algal symbionts in many cases is not set up during larval development. Furthermore, symbiont identity may influence whether a mutualism can be established during host larval stages.

show abstract

“…However, results of a follow-up experiment indicate that clade A symbionts in giant clams respond better to low light levels, compared to clade C symbionts (Sison 2003), which is the reverse of that found by Rowan & Knowlton (1995) and Rowan et al (1997) for corals. Replicated plots with controlled environmental conditions indicate that different symbiont communities result in differential survivorship and growth rates in tridacnid clams (Belda-Baillie et al 1999), demonstrating that different symbiont types can have a substantial impact on their giantclam hosts. Taken together, these results indicate that clams, like corals, host different symbionts that vary in their environmental optima.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterns of Symbiodinium distribution in three giant clam species across the biodiverse Bird’s Head region of Indonesia

DeBoer¹,

Baker²,

Erdmann³

et al. 2012

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

113

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The formation and persistence of modern coral reefs depends largely on organisms that host dinoflagellate algal symbionts of the genus Symbiodinium. There are important ecological and physiological differences among Symbiodinium types, and many host species are able to associate with multiple types, which may facilitate adaptation to local environmental change. Using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and sequencing of internal transcribed spacer-2 (ITS2) ribosomal DNA, we identified 11 Symbiodinium types belonging to clades A, C, and D in 250 host animals from 3 Tridacna species in eastern Indonesia. Individuals with multiple symbiont types were common: 42% of all clams had symbionts from multiple clades and 15% of all clams had multiple types from a single clade. T. crocea associated more often with clade C symbionts and less frequently with clade D symbionts. T. squamosa associated more frequently with clade D and less often with clade C symbionts. T. maxima did not preferentially associate with a particular Symbiodinium clade, but sample sizes were low. We used both satellite sea surface temperature and in situ recordings to characterize the thermal environment in the study area. Clams with clade C and D symbionts were located in areas with higher mean temperatures, while clams with clade A symbionts were in cooler areas. This is consistent with previous research indicating that clade C and D types may be more heat-tolerant than clade A. These results support the hypothesis that giant clams can associate with different symbiont types based on local environmental conditions. KEY WORDS: Symbiodinium · Tridacna spp. · Thermal tolerance · Climate change · Coral reef · IndonesiaResale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisher

show abstract

Evidence for changing symbiotic algae in juvenile tridacnids

Cited by 55 publications

References 21 publications

Early ontogenetic expression of specificity in a cnidarian-algal symbiosis

Early ontogenetic expression of specificity in a cnidarian-algal symbiosis

Marine Invertebrate Larvae Associated with Symbiodinium: A Mutualism from the Start?

Patterns of Symbiodinium distribution in three giant clam species across the biodiverse Bird’s Head region of Indonesia

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About