Evidence for Co-evolution of West Nile Virus and House Sparrows in North America

Duggal, Nisha K.; Bosco‐Lauth, Angela M.; Bowen, Richard A.; Wheeler, Sarah S.; Reisen, William K.; Felix, Todd A.; Mann, Brian R.; Romo, Hannah; Swetnam, Daniele M.; Barrett, Alan D.T.; Brault, Aaron C.

doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0003262

Cited by 41 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Given that previous studies have demonstrated limited WNV movement into or out of California ( 6 , 7 ), we did not include isolates from California in the analysis. Similarly, because of the proximity of New York and Connecticut, we chose New York to represent WNV in the Northeast because Connecticut is a small state.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Terrestrial Bird Migration and West Nile Virus Circulation, United States

Swetnam¹,

Widen²,

Wood³

et al. 2018

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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Host migration and emerging pathogens are strongly associated, especially with regard to zoonotic diseases. West Nile virus (WNV), a mosquitoborne pathogen capable of causing severe, sometimes fatal, neuroinvasive disease in humans, is maintained in highly mobile avian hosts. Using phylogeographic approaches, we investigated the relationship between WNV circulation in the United States and the flight paths of terrestrial birds. We demonstrated southward migration of WNV in the eastern flyway and northward migration in the central flyway, which is consistent with the looped flight paths of many terrestrial birds. We also identified 3 optimal locations for targeted WNV surveillance campaigns in the United States—Illinois, New York, and Texas. These results illustrate the value of multidisciplinary approaches to surveillance of infectious diseases, especially zoonotic diseases.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since then, phylogeographic studies have reported frequent mixing of WNV strains from local and distant locations. The most notable exception is California , where several genetic studies have shown limited movement into and out of the state ( 6 , 7 ). …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Terrestrial Bird Migration and West Nile Virus Circulation, United States

Swetnam¹,

Widen²,

Wood³

et al. 2018

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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“…These genotypes are characterized by the amino acid substitutions E-V159A and NS4A-A85T, respectively (17–19). WN02 genotype isolates have a shorter extrinsic incubation period in Culex mosquitoes than the founding NY99 strain (17, 20, 21), and WN02 and SW03 genotype isolates replicate to higher peak titers in house sparrows compared to the original NY99 genotype (22), suggesting that WNV transmission dynamics may differ by genotype.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Genotype-specific variation in West Nile virus dispersal in California

et al. 2015

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West Nile virus (WNV) is an arbovirus that was first reported in North America in New York in 1999 and, by 2003, had spread more than 4,000 km to California. However, variation in viral genetics associated with spread are not well understood. Herein, we report sequences for more than 100 WNV isolates made from mosquito pools that were collected from 2003 – 2011 as part of routine surveillance by the California Mosquito-borne Virus Surveillance System. We performed phylogeographic analyses and demonstrated that 5 independent introductions of WNV (1 WN02 genotype strain and 4 SW03 genotype strains) occurred in California. The SW03 genotype of WNV was constrained to the southwestern U.S. and had a more rapid rate of spread. In addition, geographic constraint of WNV strains within a single region for up to 6 years suggest viral maintenance has been driven by resident, rather than migratory, birds and overwintering in mosquitoes.

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“…Pathogen introductions owing to increased trade and travel threaten human, livestock and wildlife health and are a major conservation challenge in the Anthropocene [2]. Although the impacts of introduced pathogens are well established, and include continental-scale population declines [3,4], species extinctions [5][6][7][8], and shifts in community structure and ecosystem function [9][10][11], the evolutionary response of hosts to introduced pathogens has received far less study [12][13][14]. Understanding the ability of species to respond to introduced pathogens can help determine whether species will persist or go extinct in the face of disease, and thereby guide management action [15][16][17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resistance in persisting bat populations after white-nose syndrome invasion

Langwig¹,

Hoyt²,

Parise

et al. 2017

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

120

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Increases in anthropogenic movement have led to a rise in pathogen introductions and the emergence of infectious diseases in naive host communities worldwide. We combined empirical data and mathematical models to examine changes in disease dynamics in little brown bat ( Myotis lucifugus ) populations following the introduction of the emerging fungal pathogen Pseudogymnoascus destructans , which causes the disease white-nose syndrome. We found that infection intensity was much lower in persisting populations than in declining populations where the fungus has recently invaded. Fitted models indicate that this is most consistent with a reduction in the growth rate of the pathogen when fungal loads become high. The data are inconsistent with the evolution of tolerance or an overall reduced pathogen growth rate that might be caused by environmental factors. The existence of resistance in some persisting populations of little brown bats offers a glimmer of hope that a precipitously declining species will persist in the face of this deadly pathogen. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Human influences on evolution, and the ecological and societal consequences’.

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Evidence for Co-evolution of West Nile Virus and House Sparrows in North America

Cited by 41 publications

References 51 publications

Terrestrial Bird Migration and West Nile Virus Circulation, United States

Terrestrial Bird Migration and West Nile Virus Circulation, United States

Genotype-specific variation in West Nile virus dispersal in California

Resistance in persisting bat populations after white-nose syndrome invasion

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