Resistance in persisting bat populations after white-nose syndrome invasion

Langwig, Kate E.; Hoyt, Joseph R.; Parise, Katy L.; Frick, Winifred F.; Foster, Jeffrey T.; Kilpatrick, A. Marm

doi:10.1098/rstb.2016.0044

Cited by 99 publications

(127 citation statements)

References 61 publications

(121 reference statements)

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“…; Langwig et al . ). In fact, a recent study showed that many populations of R. sierrae that experienced Bd‐induced population declines over the last four decades are recovering in the presence of Bd, but with reduced Bd loads relative to naive populations (Knapp et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Resistance, tolerance and environmental transmission dynamics determine host extinction risk in a load‐dependent amphibian disease

Wilber

Knapp²,

Toothman

et al. 2017

Ecology Letters

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While disease-induced extinction is generally considered rare, a number of recently emerging infectious diseases with load-dependent pathology have led to extinction in wildlife populations. Transmission is a critical factor affecting disease-induced extinction, but the relative importance of transmission compared to load-dependent host resistance and tolerance is currently unknown. Using a combination of models and experiments on an amphibian species suffering extirpations from the fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), we show that while transmission from an environmental Bd reservoir increased the ability of Bd to invade an amphibian population and the extinction risk of that population, Bd-induced extinction dynamics were far more sensitive to host resistance and tolerance than to Bd transmission. We demonstrate that this is a general result for load-dependent pathogens, where non-linear resistance and tolerance functions can interact such that small changes in these functions lead to drastic changes in extinction dynamics.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Therefore, when managing disease‐induced declines and extinctions, it may be important to manage not only for the transmission dynamics, but also the level of host tolerance and resistance in a population (Kilpatrick ; Langwig et al . , ; Epstein et al . ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resistance, tolerance and environmental transmission dynamics determine host extinction risk in a load‐dependent amphibian disease

Wilber

Knapp²,

Toothman

et al. 2017

Ecology Letters

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“…Intriguingly, this suggests that some colonies of M. lucifugus and P. subflavus may have become tolerant to the fungus, whereas others may have become resistant (Langwig et al. ). Another species, M. sodalis , had high prevalence but loads consistent with less‐impacted species (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogen dynamics during invasion and establishment of white‐nose syndrome explain mechanisms of host persistence

Frick

Cheng

Langwig

et al. 2017

Ecology

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112

143

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Abstract. Disease dynamics during pathogen invasion and establishment determine the impacts of disease on host populations and determine the mechanisms of host persistence. Temporal progression of prevalence and infection intensity illustrate whether tolerance, resistance, reduced transmission, or demographic compensation allow initially declining populations to persist. We measured infection dynamics of the fungal pathogen Pseudogymnoascus destructans that causes white-nose syndrome in bats by estimating pathogen prevalence and load in seven bat species at 167 hibernacula over a decade as the pathogen invaded, became established, and some host populations stabilized. Fungal loads increased rapidly and prevalence rose to nearly 100% at most sites within 2 yr of invasion in six of seven species. Prevalence and loads did not decline over time despite huge reductions in colony sizes, likely due to an extensive environmental reservoir. However, there was substantial variation in fungal load among sites with persisting colonies, suggesting that both tolerance and resistance developed at different sites in the same species. In contrast, one species disappeared from hibernacula within 3 yr of pathogen invasion. Variable host responses to pathogen invasion require different management strategies to prevent disease-induced extinction and to facilitate evolution of tolerance or resistance in persisting populations.

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“…Hence, we instead expect the strongest and most consistent directional selection to arise when humans instigate or intensify escalating arms races, such as when we kill or control our enemies (weeds, pests, pathogens), which then evolve resistance, which thus necessitates newer or stronger control measures-and so on [30,36,38]. Even here, directional selection might stop-or at least weaken-if, for example, enemies evolve tolerance instead of resistance [39,54,61], if they evolve to become friends or neighbours (e.g. domestication of wild animals or plants [62,63]), or if we wipe them out.…”

Section: Human Influences On Evolution (Figure 3)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Human influences on evolution, and the ecological and societal consequences

Hendry

Gotanda

Svensson

2017

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

230

231

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One contribution of 18 to a theme issue 'Human influences on evolution, and the ecological and societal consequences'. Humans have dramatic, diverse and far-reaching influences on the evolution of other organisms. Numerous examples of this human-induced contemporary evolution have been reported in a number of 'contexts', including hunting, harvesting, fishing, agriculture, medicine, climate change, pollution, eutrophication, urbanization, habitat fragmentation, biological invasions and emerging/disappearing diseases. Although numerous papers, journal special issues and books have addressed each of these contexts individually, the time has come to consider them together and thereby seek important similarities and differences. The goal of this special issue, and this introductory paper, is to promote and expand this nascent integration. We first develop predictions as to which human contexts might cause the strongest and most consistent directional selection, the greatest changes in evolutionary potential, the greatest genetic (as opposed to plastic) changes and the greatest effects on evolutionary diversification. We then develop predictions as to the contexts where human-induced evolutionary changes might have the strongest effects on the population dynamics of the focal evolving species, the structure of their communities, the functions of their ecosystems and the benefits and costs for human societies. These qualitative predictions are intended as a rallying point for broader and more detailed future discussions of how human influences shape evolution, and how that evolution then influences species traits, biodiversity, ecosystems and humans.This article is part of the themed issue 'Human influences on evolution, and the ecological and societal consequences'.

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Resistance in persisting bat populations after white-nose syndrome invasion

Cited by 99 publications

References 61 publications

Resistance, tolerance and environmental transmission dynamics determine host extinction risk in a load‐dependent amphibian disease

Resistance, tolerance and environmental transmission dynamics determine host extinction risk in a load‐dependent amphibian disease

Pathogen dynamics during invasion and establishment of white‐nose syndrome explain mechanisms of host persistence

Human influences on evolution, and the ecological and societal consequences

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