2018
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b16994
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Evidence for Fast Lithium-Ion Diffusion and Charge-Transfer Reactions in Amorphous TiOx Nanotubes: Insights for High-Rate Electrochemical Energy Storage

Abstract: The charge-storage kinetics of amorphous TiO x nanotube electrodes formed by anodizing three-dimensional porous Ti scaffolds are reported. The resultant electrodes demonstrated not only superior storage capacities and rate capability to anatase TiO x nanotube electrodes but also improved areal capacities (324 μAh cm–2 at 50 μA cm–2 and 182 μAh cm–2 at 5 mA cm–2) and cycling stability (over 2000 cycles) over previously reported TiO x nanotube electrodes using planar current collectors. Amorphous TiO x exhib… Show more

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Cited by 32 publications
(49 citation statements)
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“…The results obtained here are strongly reminiscent of what was observed with the reversible Li + insertion in TiO2-based electrodes. 28,[43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53] In anatase, it was established that Li + insertion is accompanied by a reversible phase transition from a lithium-poor tetragonal phase to a lithium-rich orthorhombic Li0.5TiO2 phase. 28,47 This translates into a pair of well-defined faradaic peaks in CV, separated by a significant potential hysteresis under thermodynamic equilibrium (peak-to-peak potential separation Ep > 0), 43,46 as also reported here in Figure 3B.…”
Section: S3mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The results obtained here are strongly reminiscent of what was observed with the reversible Li + insertion in TiO2-based electrodes. 28,[43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53] In anatase, it was established that Li + insertion is accompanied by a reversible phase transition from a lithium-poor tetragonal phase to a lithium-rich orthorhombic Li0.5TiO2 phase. 28,47 This translates into a pair of well-defined faradaic peaks in CV, separated by a significant potential hysteresis under thermodynamic equilibrium (peak-to-peak potential separation Ep > 0), 43,46 as also reported here in Figure 3B.…”
Section: S3mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…136 Coating can be achieved by thermal oxidation, 139,140 electrodeposition, 141 casting of a slurry, 136,142,143 or surface anodization. 144,145 With processes where the active material is directly grown on the metal scaffold, the need for binder can be eliminated. Typical fluoropolymer binders are insulating and electrochemically inactive; they decrease gravimetric energy density and increase the resistive losses and hence power losses, especially under high-rate operating conditions.…”
Section: Electrode Morphology and Structuringmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…146,147 Anodization of metal foams in fluoride-containing electrolytes to form nanotube arrays on the foam surface is one approach that has been successfully used to fabricate hierarchically structured electrodes. 144,145 Figure 6 depicts the growth of TiO 2−x nanotubes directly on a Ti foam current collector. The foam allows increased Li ion access to the surface structures and the 20-50 nm thickness of the TiO 2−x nanotube walls improves electronic conductivity of the electrode.…”
Section: Electrode Morphology and Structuringmentioning
confidence: 99%
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