Evidence for interannual persistence of infectious influenza A viruses in Alaska wetlands

Ramey, Andrew M.; Reeves, Andrew B.; Lagassé, Benjamin J.; Patil, Vijay P.; Hubbard, L.E.; Kolpin, Dana W.; McCleskey, R. B.; Repert, Deborah A.; Stallknecht, David E.; Poulson, Rebecca L.

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150078

Cited by 36 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Antibodies against influenza, which generally last months to over a year [19][20][21], are more prevalent in adults [16,22]. Influenza is transmitted via the environment and can persist in wetland environments for months or longer [23,24]. Infection occasionally affects body condition, behaviour and/ or movement, but low pathogenic avian influenza infection is generally considered asymptomatic in wild birds [25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Avian influenza antibody prevalence increases with mercury contamination in wild waterfowl

et al. 2022

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Environmental contamination is widespread and can negatively impact wildlife health. Some contaminants, including heavy metals, have immunosuppressive effects, but prior studies have rarely measured contamination and disease simultaneously, which limits our understanding of how contaminants and pathogens interact to influence wildlife health. Here, we measured mercury concentrations, influenza infection, influenza antibodies and body condition in 749 individuals from 11 species of wild ducks overwintering in California. We found that the odds of prior influenza infection increased more than fivefold across the observed range of blood mercury concentrations, while accounting for species, age, sex and date. Influenza infection prevalence was also higher in species with higher average mercury concentrations. We detected no relationship between influenza infection and body fat content. This positive relationship between influenza prevalence and mercury concentrations in migratory waterfowl suggests that immunotoxic effects of mercury contamination could promote the spread of avian influenza along migratory flyways, especially if influenza has minimal effects on bird health and mobility. More generally, these results show that the effects of environmental contamination could extend beyond the geographical area of contamination itself by altering the prevalence of infectious diseases in highly mobile hosts.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Avian influenza antibody prevalence increases with mercury contamination in wild waterfowl

et al. 2022

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“…Environmental detection of IAVs above these latitudes correlates with the long-term viability of virions in low temperature lake water (weeks to months) and ice (years) [ 43 , 90 , 91 , 93 , 94 ]. Research has also demonstrated that IAVs maintained under naturally occurring conditions in surface waters in Alaska can remain infectious for more than seven months and even exceeding one year [ 95 , 96 ], which suggests that IAVs perpetuate in reservoir host populations, in part, due to seasonal water-borne transmission in Arctic regions [ 43 , 51 , 93 , 97 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology and Ecology of Influenza A Viruses among Wildlife in the Arctic

Gass

Kellogg

Hill

et al. 2022

Viruses

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Arctic regions are ecologically significant for the environmental persistence and geographic dissemination of influenza A viruses (IAVs) by avian hosts and other wildlife species. Data describing the epidemiology and ecology of IAVs among wildlife in the arctic are less frequently published compared to southern temperate regions, where prevalence and subtype diversity are more routinely documented. Following PRISMA guidelines, this systematic review addresses this gap by describing the prevalence, spatiotemporal distribution, and ecological characteristics of IAVs detected among wildlife and the environment in this understudied region of the globe. The literature search was performed in PubMed and Google Scholar using a set of pre-defined search terms to identify publications reporting on IAVs in Arctic regions between 1978 and February 2022. A total of 2125 articles were initially screened, 267 were assessed for eligibility, and 71 articles met inclusion criteria. IAVs have been detected in multiple wildlife species in all Arctic regions, including seabirds, shorebirds, waterfowl, seals, sea lions, whales, and terrestrial mammals, and in the environment. Isolates from wild birds comprise the majority of documented viruses derived from wildlife; however, among all animals and environmental matrices, 26 unique low and highly pathogenic subtypes have been characterized in the scientific literature from Arctic regions. Pooled prevalence across studies indicates 4.23% for wild birds, 3.42% among tested environmental matrices, and seroprevalences of 9.29% and 1.69% among marine and terrestrial mammals, respectively. Surveillance data are geographically biased, with most data from the Alaskan Arctic and many fewer reports from the Russian, Canadian, North Atlantic, and Western European Arctic. We highlight multiple important aspects of wildlife host, pathogen, and environmental ecology of IAVs in Arctic regions, including the role of avian migration and breeding cycles for the global spread of IAVs, evidence of inter-species and inter-continental reassortment at high latitudes, and how climate change-driven ecosystem shifts, including changes in the seasonal availability and distribution of dietary resources, have the potential to alter host–pathogen–environment dynamics in Arctic regions. We conclude by identifying gaps in knowledge and propose priorities for future research.

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“…The presence of adjacent inland waters was considered to be a major determinant in the prevalence of HPAI in poultry [ 52 ]. When IAVs are kept in water under cold conditions, a near-neutral pH, and a low-to-moderate specific conductance, the viruses can survive and can stay infectious for months after adsorption [ 53 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial Variation in Risk for Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Subtype H5N6 Viral Infections in South Korea: Poultry Population-Based Case–Control Study

Ahmad

Koh

Yoo

et al. 2022

Veterinary Sciences

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Given the substantial economic damage caused by the continual circulation of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) outbreaks since 2003, identifying high-risk locations associated with HPAI infections is essential. In this study, using affected and unaffected poultry farms’ locations during an HPAI H5N6 epidemic in South Korea, we identified places where clusters of HPAI cases were found. Hotspots were defined as regions having clusters of HPAI cases. With the help of the statistical computer program R, a kernel density estimate and a spatial scan statistic were employed for this purpose. A kernel density estimate and detection of significant clusters through a spatial scan statistic both showed that districts in the Chungcheongbuk-do, Jeollabuk-do, and Jeollanam-do provinces are more vulnerable to HPAI outbreaks. Prior to the migration season, high-risk districts should implement particular biosecurity measures. High biosecurity measures, as well as improving the cleanliness of the poultry environment, would undoubtedly aid in the prevention of HPAIV transmission to poultry farms in these high-risk regions of South Korea.

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Evidence for interannual persistence of infectious influenza A viruses in Alaska wetlands

Cited by 36 publications

References 35 publications

Avian influenza antibody prevalence increases with mercury contamination in wild waterfowl

Avian influenza antibody prevalence increases with mercury contamination in wild waterfowl

Epidemiology and Ecology of Influenza A Viruses among Wildlife in the Arctic

Spatial Variation in Risk for Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Subtype H5N6 Viral Infections in South Korea: Poultry Population-Based Case–Control Study

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