1983
DOI: 10.1128/iai.39.1.371-376.1983
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Evidence for plasmid-mediated toxin production in Bacillus anthracis

Abstract: Large-molecular-weight plasmids were isolated from virulent and avirulent strains of Bacillus anthracis. Each strain contained a single plasmid species unique from the others with respect to molecular weight. Bacterial strains were cured of their resident extrachromosomal gene pools by sequential passage of cultures at 42.5 degrees C. Coincidental to the curing of plasmids was a loss of detectable lethal toxin and edema-producing activities and a dramatic decrease in lethal factor and protective antigen serolo… Show more

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Cited by 311 publications
(112 citation statements)
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“…PCR-based methods can readily differentiate vaccine or fully virulent B. anthracis plasmid genotypes [22][23][24]26,35]. However, plasmid-cured B. anthracis [36][37][38][39], or near-neighbor species containing B. anthracis closely-related plasmids [40], are very difficult to distinguish from B. anthracis. In addition, plasmids or their virulence genes have been readily transferred within these groups by means of conjugation or transformation [41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…PCR-based methods can readily differentiate vaccine or fully virulent B. anthracis plasmid genotypes [22][23][24]26,35]. However, plasmid-cured B. anthracis [36][37][38][39], or near-neighbor species containing B. anthracis closely-related plasmids [40], are very difficult to distinguish from B. anthracis. In addition, plasmids or their virulence genes have been readily transferred within these groups by means of conjugation or transformation [41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…cereus group' members (B. cereus, B. thuringiensis and B. mycoides), i.e. the presence of two large plasmids pX01 (182 kb) and pX02 (95 kb) (Mikesell et al 1983;Uchida et al 1985) that carry essential genes for pathogenesis. These two plasmids have been almost completely sequenced (Okinaka et al 1999).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Bacillus anthracis is the causative agent of the disease anthrax. Fully virulent strains of this pathogen harbor two plasmids, pXO1 and pXO2, coding for the production of two toxins [1] and a D-glutamic acid polymer capsule, respectively [2,3]. The two toxins, edema and lethal toxin, are secreted by B. anthracis and are composed of three distinct proteins, protective antigen (PA; 85 kDa), lethal factor (LF; 83 kDa) and edema factor (EF; 89 kDa).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%