Evidence for positive selection and recombination hotspots in Deformed wing virus (DWV)

Dalmon, Anne; Desbiez, Cécile; Coulon, Marianne; Thomasson, Maxime; Conte, Yves Le; Alaux, Cédric; Vallon, Julien; Moury, Benoît

doi:10.1038/srep41045

Cited by 88 publications

(104 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…However, our results provide little support for this pattern via Pacbio or Sanger sequencing. We found no evidence of previously reported recombination within the N‐terminal region of the helicase gene (Dalmon et al ). Instead, we found limited evidence of recombination within the rdrp and lp genes, similar to reports from the UK (Moore et al ; Wang et al ).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 91%

Knock‐on community impacts of a novel vector: spillover of emerging DWV‐B from Varroa‐infested honeybees to wild bumblebees

et al. 2019

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Novel transmission routes can directly impact the evolutionary ecology of infectious diseases, with potentially dramatic effect on host populations and knock‐on effects on the wider host community. The invasion of Varroa destructor, an ectoparasitic viral vector in Western honeybees, provides a unique opportunity to examine how a novel vector affects disease epidemiology in a host community. This specialist honeybee mite vectors deformed wing virus (DWV), an important re‐emerging honeybee pathogen that also infects wild bumblebees. Comparing island honeybee and wild bumblebee populations with and without V. destructor, we show that V. destructor drives DWV prevalence and titre in honeybees and sympatric bumblebees. Viral genotypes are shared across hosts, with the potentially more virulent DWV‐B overtaking DWV‐A in prevalence in a current epidemic. This demonstrates disease emergence across a host community driven by the acquisition of a specialist novel transmission route in one host, with dramatic community level knock‐on effects.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 91%

Knock‐on community impacts of a novel vector: spillover of emerging DWV‐B from Varroa‐infested honeybees to wild bumblebees

et al. 2019

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“…An increasing number of studies report the presence of recombinants between DWV-A /-B in nature 46–49 , and it has been suggested that recombinants may be more virulent than DWV-A or -B, at least in honeybee pupae 48 . In the present study, we did not detect any mixed infections in our field samples to indicate the presence of recombinants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The virulent, emerging genotype B of Deformed wing virus is closely linked to overwinter honeybee worker loss

Natsopoulou

McMahon

Doublet

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

120

130

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Bees are considered to be threatened globally, with severe overwinter losses of the most important commercial pollinator, the Western honeybee, a major concern in the Northern Hemisphere. Emerging infectious diseases have risen to prominence due to their temporal correlation with colony losses. Among these is Deformed wing virus (DWV), which has been frequently linked to colony mortality. We now provide evidence of a strong statistical association between overwintering colony decline in the field and the presence of DWV genotype-B (DWV-B), a genetic variant of DWV that has recently been shown to be more virulent than the original DWV genotype-A. We link the prevalence of DWV-B directly to a quantitative measure of overwinter decline (workforce mortality) of honeybee colonies in the field. We demonstrate that increased prevalence of virus infection in individual bees is associated with higher overwinter mortality. We also observed a substantial reduction of infected colonies in the spring, suggesting that virus-infected individuals had died during the winter. Our findings demonstrate that DWV-B, plus possible A/B recombinants exhibiting DWV-B at PCR primer binding sites, may be a major cause of elevated overwinter honeybee loss. Its potential emergence in naïve populations of bees may have far-reaching ecological and economic impacts.Insect pollination, which is carried out mostly by bees, is required for 75% of all food crops 1 ; the global value of insect pollination in 2005 has been estimated at €153 billion 2 , although this is likely to be an underestimate 3 . In addition, 85% of wild plants are pollinated by animals 4 , chief among these being bees. Bees are therefore of considerable economic and ecological importance. The honeybee Apis mellifera is by far the most important commercial pollinator and is relied upon heavily for the successful pollination of many food crops 5 . However, over the last decade severe yearly losses of honeybees in the Northern Hemisphere 6-9 have raised concerns about food security 10 .The emergence of several infectious diseases has coincided with elevated honeybee colony losses [11][12][13] . Notable among these are positive single stranded RNA (positive ssRNA) viruses that have risen to prominence since the arrival of a novel biological vector from Asia, the ectoparasitic mite Varroa destructor. The mite feeds on the hemolymph of honey bee pupae and adults 14 . Its ability to act as a viral vector and potential incubator of several honeybee RNA viruses has given rise to a new viral transmission route, thereby aiding the spread and re-emergence of several bee viruses [15][16][17] .

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“…This cloned DWV variant 24 was isolated from a heavily Varroa-infested colony typical for the USA and likely to be Varroa-selected, as evidenced by its transmission in Experiment 2. It cannot be ruled out that other DWV-like variants, namely the highly pathogenic DWV type B 6 , which has shown increased virulence 34,35 , or VDV1-DWV recombinants 8–10 could have replicative ability in Varroa mites, especially considering their preferable transmission by the mites 8,36 and the detection of VDV-1 negative strand RNA in the Varroa synganglions 23 . Investigation of the abilities of different DWV strains to replicate in the mites should be carried out using experimental procedures similar to those used in this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deformed wing virus type A, a major honey bee pathogen, is vectored by the mite Varroa destructor in a non-propagative manner

Posada-Florez

Childers

Heerman

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Honey bees, the primary managed insect pollinator, suffer considerable losses due to Deformed wing virus (DWV), an RNA virus vectored by the mite Varroa destructor. Mite vectoring has resulted in the emergence of virulent DWV variants. The basis for such changes in DWV is poorly understood. Most importantly, it remains unclear whether replication of DWV occurs in the mite. In this study, we exposed Varroa mites to DWV type A via feeding on artificially infected honey bees. A significant, 357-fold increase in DWV load was observed in these mites after 2 days. However, after 8 additional days of passage on honey bee pupae with low viral loads, the DWV load dropped by 29-fold. This decrease significantly reduced the mites’ ability to transmit DWV to honey bees. Notably, negative-strand DWV RNA, which could indicate viral replication, was detected only in mites collected from pupae with high DWV levels but not in the passaged mites. We also found that Varroa mites contain honey bee mRNAs, consistent with the acquisition of honey bee cells which would additionally contain DWV replication complexes with negative-strand DWV RNA. We propose that transmission of DWV type A by Varroa mites occurs in a non-propagative manner.

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Evidence for positive selection and recombination hotspots in Deformed wing virus (DWV)

Cited by 88 publications

References 61 publications

Knock‐on community impacts of a novel vector: spillover of emerging DWV‐B from Varroa‐infested honeybees to wild bumblebees

Knock‐on community impacts of a novel vector: spillover of emerging DWV‐B from Varroa‐infested honeybees to wild bumblebees

The virulent, emerging genotype B of Deformed wing virus is closely linked to overwinter honeybee worker loss

Deformed wing virus type A, a major honey bee pathogen, is vectored by the mite Varroa destructor in a non-propagative manner

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