Evidence for selective inhibitory impairment in individuals with autism spectrum disorder.

Christ, Shawn E.; Kester, Lindsay E; Bodner, Kimberly E.; Miles, Judith H.

doi:10.1037/a0024256

Cited by 143 publications

(130 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…In the version adapted for children (Christ, Kester, Bodner, & Miles, 2011), five fish were presented in one row and participants were instructed to pay attention to the orientation (right or left) of the central fish (target). The other fish were oriented either in the same direction (congruent stimulus) or in the opposite direction (incongruent stimulus).…”

Section: Flanker Taskmentioning

confidence: 99%

Children’s sense of reality: The development of orbitofrontal reality filtering

Liverani

Manuel

Nahum

et al. 2015

Child Neuropsychology

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Orbitofrontal reality filtering denotes a memory control mechanism necessary to keep thought and behavior in phase with reality. In adults, it is mediated by the orbitofrontal cortex and subcortical connections and its failure induces reality confusion, confabulations, and disorientation. Here we investigated for the first time the development of this mechanism in 83 children from ages 7 to 11 years and 20 adults. We used an adapted version of a continuous recognition task composed of two runs with the same picture set but arranged in different order. The first run measures storage and recognition capacity (item memory), the second run measures reality filtering. We found that accuracy and reaction times in response to all stimulus types of the task improved in parallel across ages. Importantly, at no age was there a notable performance drop in the second run. This means that reality filtering was already efficacious at age 7 and then steadily improved as item memory became stronger. At the age of 11 years, reality filtering dissociated from item memory, similar to the pattern observed in adults. However, performance in 11-year-olds was still inferior as compared to adults. The study shows that reality filtering develops early in childhood and becomes more efficacious as memory capacity increases. For the time being, it remains unresolved, however, whether this function already depends on the orbitofrontal cortex, as it does in adults, or on different brain structures in the developing brains of children.

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Section: Flanker Taskmentioning

confidence: 99%

Children’s sense of reality: The development of orbitofrontal reality filtering

Liverani

Manuel

Nahum

et al. 2015

Child Neuropsychology

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show abstract

“…However, this brief evaluation of the intelligence procedure is in line with other studies in the area (Christ et al, 2011;Geurts et al, 2004). This choice is justified by the fact that a full IQ evaluation battery substantially increases the time taken to make the evaluation, with possible implications for the performance of the clinical group, such as fatigue and stress.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…In the inhibitory control, the executive component related to the ability to inhibit stimuli, irrelevant impulses or distractors (Barkley, 2001), there is also evidence of significant impairments when individuals with ASD are compared to those with typical development (Chan et al, 2009;Christ, Holt, White, & Green, 2007;Christ, Kester, Bodner, & Miles, 2011;Robinson et al, 2009). In this study, impairments in inhibitory control were observed in the ASD group, in the Stroop Test (score of color-word interference), in the Auditory go/no go task, in the verbal fluency tasks (inhibition of all words of the lexicon that comes to mind and that do not fulfilling the criterion requested by the examiner), and in Part B of the Trail Making Test.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Executive Functions in Children and Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorder

Czermainski¹,

Riesgo²,

Guimarães³

et al. 2014

Paidéia (Ribeirão Preto)

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The literature has shown a strong relationship between executive dysfunction and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), although there is no consensus on which subprocesses of executive functioning are impaired and/or preserved in this condition. This study aimed to investigate executive function and working memory in children and adolescents with ASD (n= 11) compared to children and adolescents with typical development (n= 19) matched by age, formal education, and nonverbal IQ. The tests used were: Raven’s Colored Progressive Matrices, Stroop Test, Trail Making Test, Rey’s Complex Figure Test, Digit span, Pseudowords span, Working memory, Verbal fluency (orthographic and semantic) and Go/no go. The results demonstrate impairment of executive function in the clinical group, especially in planning, flexibility, inhibition, and also visuospatial working memory.

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“…For instance, while the simultaneous presentation of the three stimuli did reduce memory constraints, it might appeal more strongly to the ability to shift attention. As individuals with ASD often show difficulty shifting attention (e.g., Landry and Bryson 2004;Plaisted et al 1999; for a review see Keehn et al 2013), disengaging attention (Landry and Bryson 2004) or filtering out irrelevant distracters (Burack 1994;Christ et al 2011;Plaisted et al 1999), more targets on the screen can induce more errors or slower response times in the ASD group compared to performance on the original task. More targets on the screen can also reduce the salience of the individual targets and therefore alter perceptual processing, since enhanced perceptual processing in individuals with ASD has been related to enhanced saliency of stimulus features (Plaisted et al 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visual Processing in Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Evidence from Embedded Figures and Configural Superiority Tests

Dillen

Steyaert

Beeck

et al. 2014

J Autism Dev Disord

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The embedded figures test has often been used to reveal weak central coherence in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Here, we administered a more standardized automated version of the embedded figures test in combination with the configural superiority task, to investigate the effect of contextual modulation on local feature detection in 23 adolescents with ASD and 26 matched typically developing controls. On both tasks both groups performed largely similarly in terms of accuracy and reaction time, and both displayed the contextual modulation effect. This indicates that individuals with ASD are equally sensitive compared to typically developing individuals to the contextual effects of the task and that there is no evidence for a local processing bias in adolescents with ASD.

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Evidence for selective inhibitory impairment in individuals with autism spectrum disorder.

Cited by 143 publications

References 87 publications

Children’s sense of reality: The development of orbitofrontal reality filtering

Children’s sense of reality: The development of orbitofrontal reality filtering

Executive Functions in Children and Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorder

Visual Processing in Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Evidence from Embedded Figures and Configural Superiority Tests

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