Cloud-radiation interactions are both complicated and central to several fields of the atmospheric sciences ranging from satellite remote sensing to numerical weather and climate prediction. Monte Carlo (MC) methods are unbiased statistical integration methods (Cahalan et al., 2005;Mayer, 2009;Pincus & Evans, 2009) that are able to solve the full radiative transfer (RT) equation for arbitrarily complex 3D fields. They have not been directly used in operational contexts yet because of their potentially substantial computational cost, which is mostly attributable to tracking large numbers N of virtual photon paths throughout cloudy atmospheres. They have, however, been used often to study complex interactions between 3D clouds and radiation (e.g., Veerman et al. (2022)) and consequently to evaluate and improve fast approximate RT models (