Evidence for the atherogenic index of plasma as a potential biomarker for cardiovascular disease in schizophrenia

Abstract

Background: Schizophrenia is known to be accompanied with increased cardiovascular mortality, which causes reduced life expectancy. Aim: The aim of the current study was to investigate if atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) could be a good marker in assessing cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in patients with schizophrenia. Methods: Patients with schizophrenia ( n = 328) and healthy controls ( n = 141) were recruited. Schizophrenia patients were evaluated according to the presence of antipsychotic (AP) drug use as AP(+)Sch group and AP(−)Sch group. Atherogenic indices, such as AIP, Castelli’s risk index-I (CRI-I), Castelli’s risk index-II (CRI-II), and atherogenic coefficient (AC), were calculated according to the laboratory examination of serum lipid parameters. Results: According to the comparison of serum lipid levels, triglyceride (TG) levels were found to be highest and high-density lipoprotein–cholesterol levels were lowest in AP(+)Sch group than AP(−)Sch group and control group (CG) ( p < 0.001). AIP, CRI-I, and CRI-II scores were found to be significantly higher in AP(+)Sch group than AP(−)Sch group, and in AP(−)Sch than healthy controls ( p < 0.001). Mean AC scores were higher in AP(+)Sch group than both AP(−)Sch and CG and were similar in AP(−)Sch and control subjects ( p < 0.001). According to the correlation analysis, AIP scores were positively correlated with duration of disease ( r = 0.235; p = 0.002) and age ( r = 0.226; p = 0.003) in AP(+)Sch group but not in drug-free subjects. In all groups, atherogenic indices of CRI-I, CRI-II, and AC scores were found to be positively correlated with AIP scores ( p < 0.001). Conclusion: Our results suggest that AIP is an easily calculable and reliable marker for determining the CVD risk in both drug-free schizophrenia patients and patients under AP treatment.

Comparative study of frontal QRS-T angle and inflammatory parameters in obsessive compulsive disorder patients and healthy control group

“…Previous studies have also linked AIP value to cardiovascular mortality. According to a prior study, it has a higher potential as a cardiovascular indicator in schizophrenia [24].…”

Atherogenicindex of plasma (AIP)as a Novel Biomarker to Predict Retinal Vein Occlusion

“…In recent years, there has been a consensus that non-conventional serum lipid ratios compared to single conventional lipid parameters are better in discriminating the atherogenic events [7][8][9][10]. It has been also shown that AIP is more effective in predicting cardiovascular disorders and dyslipidemia than the single lipid parameters [11,12]. As atherosclerosis is a common risk factor for both CAD and RVO, we aimed to evaluate the predictive value of AIP for RVO [20].…”

“…Atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), is a novel marker of cardiovascular disease and dyslipidemia [10]. AIP is calculated as the logarithmically transformed ratio of molar concentrations of triglycerides (TG) to HDL-C. AIP is accepted as a strong predictor of cardiovascular mortality and it has been shown to increase signi cantly in coronary artery disease (CAD) and acute coronary syndrome [11,12]. Due to the similar etiopathogenesis of CAD and RVO, we hypothesized a possible relation between elevated AIP levels and RVO incidence.…”

Antipsychotics, the heartland of clinical psychopharmacology?

“…Onen and Taymur (2021) investigated whether the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) could be a good marker in assessing cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in patients with schizophrenia. AIP is a simple and reliable atherogenic marker for determining the CVD risk in both drug-free schizophrenia patients and patients under antipsychotic treatment (Onen and Taymur, 2021). Further longitudinal studies investigating the sensitivity and reliability of AIP in discriminating risk severity are needed.…”