Evidence for the presence of bluetongue virus in Kosovo between 2001 and 2004

Osmani, Arash; Murati, Bafti; Kabashi, Q.; Goga, Izedin; Berisha, Blerim; Wilsmore, A.J.; Hamblin, C.

doi:10.1136/vr.158.12.393

Cited by 16 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…This report describes the first evidence of BTV-4 in sheep in Kosovo as well as BTV seroprevalence in domestic rumi-nants in years 2014 and 2015. After the first BT disease outbreak reported in 2001 caused by BTV serotype 9 (Osmani et al, 2006), in disease outbreak in 2014 in Kosovo the results of this study confirmed high seroprevalence in domestic ruminants of 11.6%: 8.3% in sheep, 19.1% in goats and 19.1% in cattle. The RT-PCR analysis in samples from sheep with clinical signs confirmed presence of BTV se- Rodriguez-Sanchez et al, 2008).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

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Seroprevalence of bluetongue disease virus (BTV) among domestic ruminants in Kosovo and first record of BTV serotype 4 in sheep.

Marku¹,

Bërxholi²,

Spahiu³

et al. 2019

BJVM

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The objective of the study was to estimate the seroprevalence and serotype of bluetongue virus (BTV) in domestic ruminants in different regions in Kosovo, in years 2014 and 2015. A total of 905 blood sera were analysed: 633 from sheep, 204 from cattle and 68 from goats, collected in 170 farms, 88 villages in 18 municipalities. All samples were analysed with c-ELISA for detection of BTV seroprevalence. From sheep with clinical signs samples were collected and were analysed with specific RT-PCR. Out of all 905 samples analysed with c-ELISA, 105 samples (11.6%) were seropositive (53 ovine, 39 bovine and 13 caprine). The 43 samples from sheep with clinical sings for bluetongue disease were confirmed by RT-PCR, and BTV-4 serotype was identified. The results indicated high seroprevalence of BTV in domestic ruminants, evidence of BTV-4 serotype in sheep, suggesting a need to strengthen national and regional scientific efforts and control strategy to meet the global challenge of this infectious disease.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

“…Multiple BTV serotypes (serotypes 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 9, 11 and 16) have in-vaded Europe since 1998 Rodriguez-Sanchez et al, 2008). Bluetongue disease with clinical signs was reported in Kosovo in 2001, caused by BTV-9 serotype (Osmani et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence of bluetongue disease virus (BTV) among domestic ruminants in Kosovo and first record of BTV serotype 4 in sheep.

Marku¹,

Bërxholi²,

Spahiu³

et al. 2019

BJVM

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“…Over the following 3 years, this strain, identified as BTV-9, spread northwards and westwards through mainland Greece and beyond, eventually reaching as far as Kosovo in 2001 (Osmani et al 2006). This was followed by incursions of BTV4 and BTV-16 in 1999 and BTV-1 in 2001 into mainland Greece.…”

Section: -2005: Emergence Of Bluetongue Virus In Southern and Easmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bluetongue in Europe: past, present and future

Wilson

Mellor

2009

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

333

356

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The recent arrival in Northern and Western (NW) Europe of bluetongue virus (BTV), which causes the ruminant disease ‘bluetongue’, has raised the profile of this vector-borne ruminant disease and sparked discussions on the reasons for its sudden emergence so far north. This expansion has not happened in isolation and the disease has been expanding into Southern and Eastern Europe for the last decade. This shifting disease distribution is being facilitated by a number of different introduction mechanisms including the movement of infected livestock, the passive movement of infected Culicoides on the wind and, in NW Europe, an unknown route of introduction. The expansion of BTV in Europe has forced a re-evaluation of the importance of Palaearctic Culicoides species in transmission, as well as the importance of secondary transmission routes, such as transplacental transmission, in facilitating the persistence of the virus. The current European outbreak of BTV-8 is believed to have caused greater economic damage than any previous single-serotype outbreak. Although attempts are being made to improve the capacity of European countries to cope with future BTV incursions, the options available are limited by a lack of basic entomological data and limited virological surveillance.

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“…Once monthly datasets were incorporated into the map, smoothing out was performed through kriging, apart from the altitude map which was derived from an elevation model. Suitability categories, based on Culicoides obsoletus group biology and habitat data [ 1 , 6 , 7 , 26 - 28 ], were used to reclassify the output values, in order to grade all monthly maps on a standard scale, as done for the R 0 values mentioned above. The 'environmental envelope' of the Obsoletus group of Culicoides was concentrated upon in contrast to the classical Old World vector C. imicola , due the fact that the former is the most abundant group caught in the Swiss entomology surveillance program [ 9 ] and has been shown to transmit BT virus in other countries [ 3 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating the temporal and spatial risk of bluetongue related to the incursion of infected vectors into Switzerland

Racloz

Venter

Griot³

et al. 2008

BMC Vet Res

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Background: The design of veterinary and public health surveillance systems has been improved by the ability to combine Geographical Information Systems (GIS), mathematical models and up to date epidemiological knowledge. In Switzerland, an early warning system was developed for detecting the incursion of the bluetongue disease virus (BT) and to monitor the frequency of its vectors. Based on data generated by this surveillance system, GIS and transmission models were used in order to determine suitable seasonal vector habitat locations and risk periods for a larger and more targeted surveillance program.

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Evidence for the presence of bluetongue virus in Kosovo between 2001 and 2004

Cited by 16 publications

References 4 publications

Seroprevalence of bluetongue disease virus (BTV) among domestic ruminants in Kosovo and first record of BTV serotype 4 in sheep.

Seroprevalence of bluetongue disease virus (BTV) among domestic ruminants in Kosovo and first record of BTV serotype 4 in sheep.

Bluetongue in Europe: past, present and future

Estimating the temporal and spatial risk of bluetongue related to the incursion of infected vectors into Switzerland

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